Ruby, known in Sanskrit as Manikya or Padmaraga, holds a prominent position in both Western and Vedic astrological traditions. Revered for its vibrant hue and potent energy, it is traditionally associated with the month of July and, significantly, with the zodiac sign Leo (Simha Rashi). This article delves into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and traditional uses of ruby, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
The history of ruby is deeply intertwined with human civilization, representing power, passion, and protection across cultures. Ancient Indian texts, including the Arthashastra, lauded ruby, and treasures discovered in Indian temples have consistently included these precious stones. In Hindu culture, diamonds and rubies have always held a place of pride, with ruby specifically linked to the deity Indra’s thunderbolt weapon, Vajrayudha. The Sanskrit word for diamond, Vajra, further emphasizes this connection to divine power.
Ruby’s significance extends beyond religious symbolism. Historical accounts detail various types of rubies categorized by color, including Hanspati (conch), Vanaspati (green), Vajraneel (blue), Kamlapati (pink), and others. The quality of a ruby was judged by its roundness, vibrancy, rainbow hues, and flawlessness.
Geological Formation and Sources
Ruby belongs to the mineral family of corundum, which is aluminum oxide. Different varieties of gem-quality corundum are known as sapphires, with ruby distinguished by its characteristic red color, caused by the presence of the element chromium.
While specific mining locations are limited in the provided sources, mention is made of ruby origins in the Persian Gulf and South India (specifically Tamil Nadu & Andhra Pradesh). The sources do not detail the geological processes involved in ruby formation, but emphasize the importance of authenticity and flawlessness, suggesting a preference for naturally formed, high-quality stones.
Gemological Properties
Ruby is characterized by its striking color, ranging from pink to a deep, blood-red, with the most valuable shade being a vibrant “blood-red” or “pigeon blood” hue. Several gemological properties define its quality and value:
- Hardness: 9 on the Mohs scale, making it exceptionally durable.
- Specific Density: 3.97-4.05.
- Refractive Index: 1.768-1.772.
A clear stone commands a premium, but the presence of needle-like rutile inclusions is not necessarily a detriment. In fact, these inclusions can indicate that the stone has not been treated to enhance its clarity. A ruby lacking these inclusions may suggest artificial treatment. A minimum color saturation is required for a stone to be classified as a ruby; otherwise, it is considered a pink sapphire.
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Hardness (Mohs) | 9 |
| Specific Density | 3.97-4.05 |
| Refractive Index | 1.768-1.772 |
| Chemical Formula | Aluminum Oxide |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Ruby is deeply embedded in symbolism and metaphysical beliefs, particularly within the framework of Vedic astrology. It is one of the nine supreme gemstones – the Navaratna – directly linked to the nine planets (Navagrahas). Ruby corresponds to the Sun, and is believed to enhance self-confidence, vitality, and leadership qualities.
In Vedic astrology, the prescription of gemstones is highly personalized, taking into account planetary positions in the birth chart (Janma Kundali), Mahadasha (planetary periods), Lagna (ascendant), Moon sign, past karma, and Doshas (planetary afflictions). For individuals with specific planetary alignments, particularly those with Jupiter placed in the 1st, 5th, 9th, or 4th houses, wearing a ruby can bring abundant fortune. Individuals under the major period of Jupiter may also benefit from wearing ruby, except when Jupiter is positioned in the 10th house.
The sources also mention traditional practices involving gem ash (bhasma), where rubies are burnt under controlled conditions and processed into a fine ash, then ingested in microscopic doses for rapid healing. This practice, prevalent in Ayurveda and Siddha medicine, is often more expensive than acquiring the gemstone itself due to the sacred preparation involved.
Ruby and Simha Rashi (Leo)
The association of ruby with Simha Rashi (Leo) is particularly strong. For Aries ascendants, the Sun becomes the 5th Lord, making ruby particularly auspicious. Wearing a ruby is believed to bring luck and well-being, especially to those working in the government sector. Individuals with the Sun in the 11th house under the Aries ascendant are advised to test the stone by tying it to the arm before wearing it long-term.
Care and Cleaning
The sources provide limited information on ruby care. However, given its hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, ruby is a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear. Hard gemstones like ruby, sapphire, and diamond can be soaked for a month-long period in a cleaning solution. Organic gemstones like pearl and coral require shorter soaking periods and diluted solutions to preserve their delicate structures.
Conclusion
Ruby, the Manikya or Padmaraga, stands as a testament to the enduring allure of gemstones. Its rich history, vibrant color, and potent symbolism have cemented its place as a treasured stone across cultures and astrological traditions. Particularly significant for those born under the sign of Leo (Simha Rashi), ruby is believed to enhance vitality, confidence, and leadership. Its enduring appeal lies not only in its beauty but also in its perceived ability to harness the energy of the Sun and unlock inner potential.