For those born on September 7th, and indeed throughout the entire month, the sapphire stands as the primary birthstone, a gem steeped in history, symbolism, and breathtaking beauty. While September boasts a fascinating array of historically recognized birthstones, including peridot, lapis lazuli, zircon, agate, sardonyx, and even moonstone, sapphire consistently emerges as the modern and most widely accepted representation of this autumnal month. This article will delve into the multifaceted world of sapphire, exploring its historical significance, geological origins, gemological properties, and the enduring beliefs associated with this captivating gemstone.
History and Lore
Sapphires possess a rich and storied past, stretching back millennia. Ancient civilizations held these stones in high esteem, associating them with nobility, truth, and faithfulness. In ancient Greece and Rome, sapphires were favored by priests and rulers, believed to ensure loyalty and honesty in their endeavors. The very name “sapphire” originates from the Greek word “sappheiros,” meaning blue, and was later adapted through Latin and Old French into the term we use today.
Throughout history, sapphire has been seen as a symbol of royalty and extravagance. Jewelry adorned with sapphires – rings, earrings, and necklaces – were common among the elite. The stone’s association with heaven was also prevalent, with some believing the Earth rested upon a giant sapphire, imbuing the sky with its characteristic hue. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, sapphire was once thought to possess medicinal properties, capable of treating plagues and acting as an antidote to poisons.
The Gregorian birthstone poem associated with September further reinforces the stone’s connection to mental well-being, stating that a sapphire “should bind” those born in September to “cure diseases of the mind.” This belief in sapphire’s protective and healing qualities has persisted for centuries.
Geological Formation and Sources
Sapphire is a variety of the mineral corundum, an aluminum oxide crystal. It is important to note that corundum in its pure form is colorless. The vibrant colors of sapphire – most famously blue, but also including pink, yellow, green, and white – are created by trace elements within the crystal structure. Blue sapphires, the most popular variety, derive their color from iron and titanium.
While specific mining locations are not extensively detailed in the provided sources, it is understood that sapphires are found in various locations around the world. The sources indicate that sapphire is a highly valuable gemstone, suggesting its formation requires specific geological conditions.
Gemological Properties
Sapphire is renowned for its exceptional hardness, ranking 9 on the Mohs scale. This makes it an incredibly durable gemstone, suitable for everyday wear. Its chemical formula is Al₂O₃, indicating its composition of aluminum and oxygen.
The color of sapphire is a primary factor in determining its value. Velvety blue or violet sapphires command the highest prices per carat due to their rarity and desirability. However, sapphires occur in a spectrum of colors, each with its own appeal.
While the sources do not provide specific details on clarity, cut, or carat weight grading, it is understood that these factors, alongside color, contribute to a sapphire’s overall value. The sources emphasize the gemstone’s enduring appeal and its place among the four precious stones of the modern day.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Sapphire is deeply imbued with symbolism. It represents truth, sincerity, constancy, and purity of the soul. Beyond these core attributes, sapphire is also associated with wisdom and royalty. Its connection to the throat chakra and the third eye is believed to stimulate clear communication and deeper spiritual insight.
Different cultures have attributed various powers to sapphire. In Tibetan traditions, agate was considered a September birthstone, believed to enhance intelligence and eloquence. Ancient Hindu and Vedic writings describe blue zircon, another historical September birthstone, as a leaf from a wish-fulfilling tree, promoting peace and inner joy. Lapis lazuli, an alternate September birthstone, was treasured by ancient royalty and associated with mental clarity and self-mastery. Peridot, while now more commonly linked to August, was historically considered a September birthstone, believed to open the heart chakra and remove blockages. Sardonyx, a Roman and Italian birthstone for September, was valued for its protective qualities and ability to instill optimism and confidence.
Alternative September Birthstones
While sapphire reigns as the modern September birthstone, a rich history reveals a diverse selection of gems once associated with this month. Lapis lazuli, with its deep royal blue hue, serves as an alternative in Britain. Peridot, a vibrant green stone, held significance in ancient Russian, Hebrew, Italian, and Arabic calendars. Agate, sardonyx, zircon, and even moonstone have all been recognized as September birthstones across different cultures and eras. These alternative stones each carry their own unique symbolism and properties, adding depth and complexity to the lore of September birthstones.
September Birthstone Color
The color most readily associated with September birthstones is undoubtedly blue. Sapphire and lapis lazuli, both prominent September birthstones, are renowned for their deep blue shades. However, the range of September birthstone colors extends beyond blue, encompassing green (peridot), white, and red (found in some varieties of agate and sardonyx). The origin of the word ‘sapphire’ itself, derived from Greek and Latin terms meaning ‘blue,’ underscores the enduring connection between this month and the captivating blue hues of its primary birthstone.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its exceptional hardness, sapphire is a relatively durable gemstone. However, like all jewelry, it requires proper care to maintain its brilliance. Sapphires can be safely cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals or abrasive cleaners, as these can damage the stone’s surface. Regular cleaning will help preserve the sapphire’s luster and ensure it remains a cherished heirloom for generations.
Conclusion
Sapphire, as the quintessential September birthstone, embodies a captivating blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. From its ancient associations with royalty and divine favor to its modern recognition as a symbol of truth and faithfulness, sapphire continues to enchant and inspire. While September boasts a diverse array of historically recognized birthstones, sapphire’s enduring appeal and exceptional qualities solidify its position as the gemstone most closely associated with this autumnal month. Its durability, vibrant colors, and rich lore make it a treasured possession for those born in September and a captivating gem for enthusiasts and collectors alike.