December offers a unique abundance of celebratory color with its birthstones, particularly for those born under the sign of Sagittarius. While traditionally associated with a range of gems, December is now recognized for its vibrant blue hues, primarily embodied by Turquoise and Tanzanite. These gemstones, alongside Blue Zircon and Blue Topaz, represent the multifaceted nature of the month and offer distinct symbolism and historical significance. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural meanings of these December birthstones, with a particular focus on their connection to Sagittarius.
History and Lore
The association of gemstones with December dates back centuries, with a shifting landscape of recognized birthstones. Prior to the 20th century, a variety of gems were linked to the month, including Ruby and Lapis Lazuli. Lapis Lazuli held the position of a December birthstone until 1952, when Zircon gained prominence. More recently, in 2002, Tanzanite was officially added as a December birthstone by the American Gem Trade Association, solidifying its place alongside Turquoise.
Turquoise boasts an exceptionally long history of use, stretching back thousands of years. Ancient shamans revered it as a talisman, believing it offered protection, prosperity, and good luck. Its use extends beyond mere adornment; it was considered a sacred stone with potent spiritual properties.
Tanzanite, while a more recent addition to the birthstone family, also carries a rich lore. A Maasai legend recounts that the stone originated from a bolt of lightning striking the ground, transforming the rocks into shimmering blue. The Maasai tribe traditionally gifted Tanzanite to new parents, symbolizing health, well-being, and wealth for their child.
Geological Formation and Sources
Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, forming in relatively dry, arid environments. It typically originates in the vicinity of copper deposits, where groundwater interacts with mineral-rich rock. Notable sources of Turquoise include the southwestern United States, Iran, and China.
Tanzanite, on the other hand, is a relatively recent discovery, found only in a small area near the Mererani Hills of northern Tanzania. This limited geographical origin contributes to its rarity and value. It is a blue-violet variety of the mineral zoisite. The unique geological conditions in this region are essential for its formation, making Tanzania the sole commercial source of this gemstone.
Gemological Properties
Turquoise exhibits a range of colors, from sky blue to greenish-blue, often with matrix patterns – remnants of the host rock. Its hardness on the Mohs scale ranges from 5 to 6, making it relatively soft and susceptible to scratching. The chemical composition is CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O.
Tanzanite is known for its trichroism, displaying three different colors – blue, violet, and burgundy – depending on the viewing angle. Its hardness is slightly higher than Turquoise, registering between 6.5 and 7 on the Mohs scale. The chemical formula for Tanzanite is Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH).
Here's a comparative table summarizing the key gemological properties:
| Property | Turquoise | Tanzanite |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O | Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) |
| Mohs Hardness | 5-6 | 6.5-7 |
| Color | Blue to Green-Blue | Blue, Violet, Burgundy |
| Transparency | Opaque | Transparent to Translucent |
| Origin | USA, Iran, China | Tanzania |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Turquoise has long been associated with protection, strength, and wisdom. It is believed to provide calm to those prone to anxiety and offer safeguarding during travel, resonating with the adventurous spirit of Sagittarius.
Tanzanite is considered a stone of transformation and new beginnings. It is believed to strengthen the immune system, detoxify the blood, and regenerate cells. It is also associated with raising consciousness, dissolving old patterns, and promoting intuition. The stone is thought to facilitate the sharing of spiritual information with clarity and calmness.
For Sagittarius, born between November 22nd and December 21st, Turquoise is considered a primary zodiac stone. Its vivid blue-green tones reflect the sign’s love for travel and discovery, while its symbolism aligns with the optimistic and exploratory nature of Sagittarians. Blue Topaz is also favored, particularly for those born in December, believed to bring luck, happiness, and clarity of mind.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its relatively low hardness, Turquoise requires careful handling. Avoid sudden temperature changes, harsh chemicals, and ultrasonic cleaners. Cleaning should be done with a soft brush, warm soapy water, and a soft cloth to dry.
Tanzanite, being more durable, can withstand slightly more rigorous cleaning. However, it is still advisable to avoid extreme heat, steam cleaners, and ultrasonic cleaners. Gentle cleaning with a soft brush, warm soapy water, and a soft cloth is recommended. Both gemstones should be stored separately from harder gemstones to prevent scratching.
Additional December Birthstones
While Turquoise and Tanzanite are prominent December birthstones, several others have historical or contemporary significance. Blue Zircon, added as a recognized birthstone after 1952, is believed to encourage joy and emotional balance. Blue Topaz, with its icy-blue hues, is supportive and associated with fire, stemming from its Sanskrit origins. Even Ruby held a place as a December birthstone in ancient times, sharpening the mind and encouraging courtly love. Citrine and Pearl are also associated with Sagittarius, offering restorative powers and enhancing intuition, respectively.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Turquoise, Tanzanite, Blue Zircon, Blue Topaz, Ruby, Citrine, and Pearl – offer a diverse range of colors, histories, and symbolic meanings. For those born under the sign of Sagittarius, Turquoise and Tanzanite stand out as particularly resonant choices, embodying the adventurous spirit, wisdom, and transformative energy associated with this zodiac sign. These gemstones are not merely beautiful adornments but also carry centuries of lore and belief, making them cherished symbols of December and the individuals born within its embrace.