For those born on December 16th, the birthstone tradition offers a unique distinction: the opportunity to connect with not one, but three distinct gemstones—Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon. Each of these stones carries a distinct personality, history, and symbolism, yet they are united by their striking blue and blue-green hues. This article explores the geological, cultural, and metaphysical significance of these three December 16th birthstones, offering insight into their origins, properties, and enduring appeal in both jewelry and spiritual practice.
This piece will cover the following:
- The historical and cultural significance of each stone
- Their geological properties and formation
- The symbolic meanings and metaphysical associations
- Practical advice for care and maintenance
- The role of these stones in jewelry and personal adornment
Let us begin with the most modern and rare of the trio: Tanzanite.
The History and Lore of Tanzanite
Tanzanite, the most recently discovered of the December 16th birthstones, was first identified in the late 1960s in Tanzania. Unlike Turquoise and Zircon, which have ancient roots in human history, Tanzanite is a modern marvel. It is a variety of the mineral zoisite and was named after its place of origin—Tanzania—by its discoverer, Canadian geologist and gem dealer John Saul.
Tanzanite is a relative newcomer to the gemstone world, yet it has swiftly gained popularity due to its vibrant blue-violet color and its rarity. In fact, it is one of the rarest gemstones in the world, with its only known source being the Merelani Hills in Tanzania. This exclusivity contributes to its allure, making it a symbol of exclusivity and sophistication in jewelry.
In terms of symbolism, Tanzanite is often associated with spiritual awakening and emotional healing. It is believed to enhance intuition and open the third eye, encouraging a deeper understanding of oneself and the world around. These properties make it a popular choice for those seeking personal growth or spiritual clarity.
The Geological Formation and Sources of Tanzanite
Tanzanite forms under specific geological conditions, primarily in metamorphic rocks that are rich in calcium and aluminum. The transformation of zoisite into Tanzanite occurs through a process of heat and pressure, typically in the presence of lead and vanadium. These elements are responsible for the gemstone’s distinctive blue-violet coloration.
The only known source of Tanzanite is the Merelani Hills in Tanzania, a region known for its rich mineral deposits. The gemstone is extracted from a small area within this range, which adds to its rarity. The Merelani mine was discovered in 1967, and the first Tanzanite specimens were cut and marketed in 1968. Since then, the mine has been the sole supplier of this unique gemstone.
Tanzanite is a relatively soft gemstone, with a hardness of 6 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale, making it susceptible to scratches and damage. It also exhibits trigonal cleavage, which means it can fracture along specific planes if struck with force. These properties necessitate careful handling and appropriate settings when used in jewelry.
The Symbolism and Metaphysical Properties of Tanzanite
Tanzanite is often referred to as a stone of transformation. Its deep blue-violet hues are believed to promote emotional healing and spiritual growth. It is said to help individuals release old patterns and embrace new beginnings, making it a powerful ally in times of change.
One of the most notable metaphysical properties of Tanzanite is its ability to enhance intuition and psychic abilities. It is believed to open the third eye chakra, which is associated with insight, vision, and higher knowledge. This makes it a popular choice for those engaged in meditation, healing, or spiritual practices.
Tanzanite is also associated with communication and self-expression. It is thought to encourage open and honest dialogue, helping individuals articulate their thoughts and emotions more clearly. This makes it particularly valuable for those who struggle with expressing themselves or who are navigating complex interpersonal relationships.
In addition to its metaphysical properties, Tanzanite is also considered a stone of protection. It is believed to shield the wearer from negative energies and to promote a sense of calm and balance. This dual role—as both a healing and protective stone—makes it a versatile gemstone for those seeking emotional and spiritual support.
The History and Lore of Turquoise
Turquoise has a much longer history than Tanzanite, with its use dating back thousands of years. It is one of the oldest known gemstones, with archaeological evidence suggesting that it was used as early as 6000 BCE in the Near East. The name "turquoise" comes from the French word turque, meaning "Turkish," as it was once believed that the gemstone originated in Turkey.
Turquoise has been highly valued across various cultures for its blue-green color and its metaphysical properties. In ancient Egypt, it was considered a sacred stone and was often used in amulets and jewelry. It was also a symbol of divine protection and good fortune.
In the Americas, particularly among the Native American tribes, turquoise was regarded as a spiritual stone. It was used in ceremonies, as a healing stone, and as a symbol of life and vitality. The Navajo, Hopi, and Zuni peoples, among others, incorporated turquoise into their jewelry and spiritual practices.
Turquoise was also prized in Mongolia, China, and Persia, where it was used in ornamental objects, amulets, and even in the construction of royal regalia. In these cultures, it was often associated with health, prosperity, and protection.
The Geological Formation and Sources of Turquoise
Turquoise is a phosphate mineral, formed through a complex process involving the interaction of copper and aluminum in the presence of phosphorus and water. It typically forms in arid environments, where rainwater or melted snow percolates through copper ore deposits known as copper porphyry. The acidic solution that results from this process reacts with aluminum and potassium in the rocks, leading to the formation of turquoise in cavities and weathered volcanic rock.
The most well-known source of turquoise is Tanzania, although it is also found in Mexico, the United States (particularly Arizona and New Mexico), China, and Iran. In the U.S., turquoise is often associated with Native American jewelry, especially in the Southwest, where it has been mined for centuries.
Turquoise is a relatively soft gemstone, with a Mohs hardness of 5 to 6, making it prone to scratching and chipping. It is also porous and opaque, which means it can be easily discolored by oils, chemicals, and prolonged exposure to sunlight. These properties make it important to handle and clean turquoise with care.
The Symbolism and Metaphysical Properties of Turquoise
Turquoise is one of the most versatile gemstones in terms of symbolism and metaphysical properties. It is often associated with protection, healing, and positive energy. In many cultures, it is considered a stone of good fortune and is used as a talisman for protection.
One of the most notable metaphysical properties of turquoise is its ability to enhance communication and promote clarity of thought. It is believed to help individuals express themselves more effectively and to foster honest communication in both personal and professional relationships.
Turquoise is also associated with emotional stability and balance. It is thought to help individuals navigate emotional challenges, reduce anxiety, and promote a sense of inner calm. This makes it a popular choice for those seeking emotional healing or stress relief.
In addition, turquoise is often linked to health and vitality. It is believed to have healing properties, particularly in relation to the respiratory and digestive systems. Some sources suggest that it can help detoxify the body and boost the immune system.
The History and Lore of Zircon
Zircon is another ancient gemstone, with its use dating back to Egyptian, Greek, and Roman civilizations. It is often referred to as the "gemstone of fire" due to its brilliant sparkle and refractive qualities. In the past, Zircon was often mistaken for diamonds and other precious stones, particularly when it was found in its colorless or yellow forms.
Zircon is a zirconium silicate and is known for its high refractive index, which gives it a sparkling brilliance. It is found in a variety of colors, including blue, green, red, and yellow, though the blue variety is the most common and popular.
Zircon has been used in jewelry for centuries, particularly in antique and Victorian-era pieces, where it was prized for its sparkling beauty and affordability. In modern times, Zircon is often used as a diamond alternative, particularly in blue and colorless forms.
The Geological Formation and Sources of Zircon
Zircon is a zirconium silicate and is formed in igneous rocks, particularly in granite and metamorphic rocks. It is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, with some zircon crystals found in Australia dating back over 4 billion years.
Zircon is found in a variety of colors, depending on its chemical composition and impurities. The most popular blue zircon is created through heat treatment, which alters the crystal structure and enhances its color and clarity. This process is common in the jewelry industry and is considered a standard practice.
Zircon is found in various parts of the world, including Australia, Brazil, Cambodia, and the United States. In the U.S., it is commonly found in California and Oregon, where it is mined for both industrial and gemstone use.
Zircon is a relatively hard gemstone, with a Mohs hardness of 6 to 7.5, making it more durable than Tanzanite and Turquoise. However, it does exhibit cleavage, which means it can fracture if struck with force. This property makes it important to set Zircon in sturdy settings to prevent damage.
The Symbolism and Metaphysical Properties of Zircon
Zircon is often associated with wisdom, clarity, and spiritual insight. It is believed to enhance mental clarity and focus, helping individuals navigate complex situations with greater ease and confidence. This makes it a popular choice for those who seek mental and spiritual clarity.
In addition, Zircon is associated with prosperity and success. It is believed to attract wealth and abundance, making it a popular stone for business and financial endeavors. Some sources suggest that Zircon can enhance creativity and innovation, making it a valuable tool for artists, entrepreneurs, and innovators.
Zircon is also associated with emotional healing and balance. It is believed to help individuals release old patterns and embrace new beginnings, making it a stone of transformation. This property is particularly valuable for those undergoing personal growth or spiritual development.
Care and Cleaning of December 16th Birthstones
Given the different properties of Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon, it is important to handle and clean them with care to preserve their beauty and integrity.
Tanzanite
- Hardness: 6 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale
- Cleavage: Trigonal (prone to fracturing)
- Refractive Index: 1.69 to 1.70
- Chemical Sensitivity: Sensitive to acidic and alkaline solutions
- Color Stability: Stable under normal lighting conditions but may fade with prolonged exposure to sunlight
To clean Tanzanite, use a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone. Store Tanzanite separately from other gemstones to prevent scratching.
Turquoise
- Hardness: 5 to 6 on the Mohs scale
- Porosity: High (absorbs oils and chemicals)
- Color Stability: Can fade or discolor when exposed to sunlight, chemicals, and oils
- Fracture Toughness: Low (prone to chipping and breaking)
Turquoise requires gentle care due to its softness and porosity. Clean it with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid ultrasonic and steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone. Store Turquoise in a dry, cool place to prevent discoloration and dehydration.
Zircon
- Hardness: 6 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale
- Cleavage: Present (prone to fracturing)
- Refractive Index: 1.92 to 2.01
- Chemical Sensitivity: Moderate sensitivity to acids and solvents
- Color Stability: Stable under normal lighting conditions
Zircon can be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid ultrasonic and steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone. Store Zircon in a dry place to prevent moisture-related damage.
Conclusion
The December 16th birthstones—Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Zircon—represent a beautiful triad of blue gemstones with unique histories, properties, and meanings. From the rare and modern Tanzanite, with its spiritual and emotional properties, to the ancient and versatile Turquoise, and the sparkling and brilliant Zircon, each stone offers a distinct experience for those who wear it.
These gemstones are not only valued for their aesthetic appeal, but also for their historical significance and metaphysical properties. Whether used in jewelry, spiritual practice, or personal adornment, they continue to capture the imagination and admiration of gemstone enthusiasts and jewelry buyers alike.
As we have seen, each stone has its own story, its own symbolism, and its own care requirements. By understanding these properties, we can better appreciate and preserve the beauty of these December 16th birthstones for generations to come.