Peridot, a vibrant yellowish-green gemstone, holds the distinction as a primary birthstone for August, alongside spinel and sardonyx. Revered throughout history and possessing a unique origin story – found in both volcanic lava and meteorites – peridot has captivated civilizations for millennia. This article delves into the fascinating world of peridot, exploring its history, geological formation, gemological properties, symbolism, and care.
History and Lore
Peridot’s history is interwoven with tales of mistaken identity and royal adornment. Throughout much of history, it was often confused with emeralds and topazes, particularly originating from the Red Sea island of Topazios, which was, in fact, a significant source of peridot rather than topaz. Some historians speculate that even Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have consisted largely of peridot.
The gem’s use dates back over 4,000 years, with sardonyx being the original August birthstone, but peridot’s enduring appeal has solidified its place as the most recognized gem for those born in August. In the medieval era, peridot was believed to possess healing properties and was used to ward off evil spirits. The Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral features 200 carats of gems once thought to be emeralds, but now identified as peridot. A traditional association exists with peridot as a gift for 16th wedding anniversaries.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot’s formation is as remarkable as its history. It is formed under extreme conditions, originating in the Earth’s mantle and brought to the surface through volcanic activity. Remarkably, peridot has also been discovered within pallasite meteorites, offering a glimpse into the composition of other worlds. While meteorite-sourced peridot is often too small for jewelry, the larger stones brought up by lava flows are highly prized by jewelers.
Specific sources for peridot are not extensively detailed in the provided materials, but it is known to originate from locations where volcanic activity has occurred. The sources mention India as a source for sardonyx, spinel, and peridot, but do not provide specific peridot locations beyond its formation in lava flows and meteorites.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is a semi-precious gemstone with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, composed primarily of olivine, magnesium, and iron. The presence of iron is responsible for peridot’s characteristic color, ranging from yellowish-green to olive green. The most sought-after stones exhibit a lime green or olive green hue.
Peridot is known for its unique capacity to sparkle under both natural and artificial light, earning it the nickname “evening emerald.” While its brilliance is notable, it is important to distinguish it from emerald, as peridot possesses its own distinct characteristics.
The provided sources do not offer a detailed breakdown of peridot’s gemological properties such as refractive index or specific gravity. However, one source notes that spinel, an alternative August birthstone, has a Mohs hardness of 8, while peridot’s hardness is not explicitly stated, implying it is likely lower.
Here's a comparison of hardness based on the provided information:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Spinel | 8 |
| Peridot | Not specified (implied to be less than 8) |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Peridot is often associated with abundance, protection, and positivity. Historically, it symbolized strength, balance, and courage. Ancient Greeks and Romans utilized sardonyx, another August birthstone, in amulets, cameos, and seals, believing it brought victory in battle and enhanced communication skills. While the sources do not detail specific metaphysical beliefs surrounding peridot itself, its vibrant color and association with sunlight likely contribute to its positive symbolism.
Care and Cleaning
The provided materials offer limited guidance on peridot care. However, given its composition and implied lower hardness compared to spinel, gentle handling is recommended. General gemstone care practices, such as avoiding harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, would be prudent. Further research into olivine gemstone care would be beneficial for maintaining peridot jewelry.
August Birthstones: A Trio of Choices
While peridot is considered the primary birthstone for August, spinel and sardonyx offer alternative choices for those born in this month. Spinel, a relatively recent addition to the August birthstone family, comes in a variety of colors, including red, pink, blue, white, and black. It is often mistaken for ruby or sapphire but is a distinct mineral species and generally more affordable. Sardonyx, a type of onyx, is characterized by its reddish-brown color and white banding. Each of these gemstones carries its own unique history and symbolism, providing a diverse range of options for August birthdays.
Popularity and Rarity
Peridot is the most common birthstone in 38 states, dominating birth charts across much of the country. This widespread prevalence is likely due to the high number of births occurring in August. Spinel, particularly in vivid hues like red and blue, is considered rarer. Sardonyx is also relatively accessible, with variations found in many parts of the world. According to Google Trends data, peridot is the most popular August birthstone in the United States.
The Allure of Peridot in Contemporary Jewelry
Peridot continues to be a popular choice for jewelry, appreciated for its unique color and relatively affordable price point. Jewelers offer a wide selection of peridot jewelry, from classic rings and pendants to more contemporary designs. Its distinctive yellow-green hue complements a variety of metals, making it a versatile gemstone for any jewelry collection.
Conclusion
Peridot, the captivating “evening emerald” of August, is a gemstone steeped in history, geological wonder, and symbolic meaning. From its origins in volcanic lava and meteorites to its association with royalty and positive energy, peridot continues to enchant and inspire. As the primary birthstone for August, it offers a vibrant and accessible option for those seeking a gemstone that embodies strength, abundance, and the warmth of the summer sun. Its enduring appeal ensures its place as a treasured gem for generations to come.