August boasts not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. Among these, peridot holds a distinguished place, celebrated for its vibrant green hues and a history stretching back millennia. Often referred to as the “sun gem” or “evening emerald,” peridot is a gemstone steeped in lore, geological intrigue, and enduring beauty. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this captivating August birthstone.
History and Lore
Peridot’s story is interwoven with ancient civilizations and royal legacies. Referenced in biblical texts, some scholars believe that the “topaz” mentioned in historical accounts was, in fact, peridot. This confusion stemmed from the similar amber to yellow-green coloration and the historical use of the name “topaz” to describe what we now recognize as peridot. The island historically known as Topazios, however, never yielded the November birthstone that shares the name, further supporting this theory.
The gemstone’s history is deeply rooted in Egypt, where it was revered and mined as early as the Ptolemaic dynasty. It is believed that Queen Cleopatra VII, the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, held a particular fondness for peridot, adorning herself with the gem. This association with royalty cemented peridot’s status as a stone of power and prestige.
Beyond Egypt, peridot holds cultural significance in Hawaii, where it is considered the tears of Pele, the volcanic goddess. This connection to volcanic activity reflects the gem’s geological origins, as peridot is often found in volcanic rock. The stone’s presence in fallen meteorites, specifically Pallasite Meteorites, adds to its mystique, though these extraterrestrial peridots are typically too small for jewelry use.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is composed of olivine, a magnesium-iron silicate with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe)2SiO4. The amount of iron present within the crystal structure dictates the intensity of the green coloration, with higher iron content resulting in a more vivid hue. The gem forms deep within the Earth’s mantle and is brought to the surface through volcanic activity.
Historically, Egypt was the primary source of peridot. However, significant deposits have since been discovered in other locations around the globe. Myanmar (Burma) is renowned for producing large, richly colored peridot crystals. Vietnam has also emerged as a notable source, offering peridot in a variety of green shades discovered in the 1990s. Additionally, peridot is found in the United States, Brazil, Uruguay, and Germany, though these sources are less prominent. The national gem of Egypt continues to be peridot, reflecting its long-standing cultural and historical importance to the region.
Gemological Properties
Peridot exhibits a unique combination of gemological properties that contribute to its appeal. While it is often compared to emerald due to its green color, peridot possesses distinct characteristics that set it apart.
Peridot’s color ranges from yellowish-green to brownish-green, with the most desirable stones displaying a vibrant lime-green or olive-green hue. The intensity of the color is directly related to the iron content. Unlike emeralds, peridot does not exhibit the same level of clarity, often containing inclusions that contribute to its character.
Here's a summary of key gemological properties:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 |
| Color | Yellowish-green to brownish-green, olive green |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 6.5 - 7 |
| Crystal System | Orthorhombic |
| Luster | Vitreous (glass-like) |
| Transparency | Transparent to translucent |
Peridot’s hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale makes it relatively durable, though it is softer than diamonds, sapphires, and rubies. This means it is susceptible to scratches and abrasions with prolonged wear, requiring careful handling. Its vitreous luster gives it a bright, glassy appearance, and it sparkles distinctively under both natural and artificial light, earning it the nickname “evening emerald.”
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Its bright green color is often associated with good health, peace, and harmony. It is popularly known as the “gem of compassion,” believed to foster kindness and understanding.
In metaphysical circles, peridot is thought to possess healing properties, capable of calming anger and alleviating depression. It is also believed to promote restful sleep and create a sense of renewal. Some suggest that wearing peridot can help to “make all things new,” encouraging positive change and personal growth.
Peridot is also the traditional gemstone for celebrating a 15th wedding anniversary, symbolizing the enduring love and commitment between partners.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its moderate hardness, peridot requires careful handling and cleaning to maintain its brilliance. Avoid exposing peridot jewelry to harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, or steam cleaners, as these can damage the stone.
Cleaning peridot is best achieved with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Gently scrub the gemstone to remove any dirt or grime, then rinse thoroughly with clean water. Dry with a soft cloth. It is advisable to remove peridot jewelry before engaging in strenuous activities or when exposed to potential abrasions. Storing peridot pieces separately from harder gemstones will help prevent scratches.
Conclusion
Peridot, with its captivating green hues and rich historical tapestry, remains a cherished gemstone. From its ancient origins in Egypt and its association with royalty to its modern-day status as a vibrant August birthstone, peridot continues to captivate and inspire. Its unique geological formation, distinct gemological properties, and symbolic meanings contribute to its enduring appeal, making it a treasured gem for enthusiasts, collectors, and those seeking a touch of natural beauty and positive energy.