Peridot, a gem celebrated for its vibrant green hues, holds a prominent place as one of the three birthstones for August, alongside spinel and sardonyx. Throughout history, this gem has been prized for its beauty, believed metaphysical properties, and intriguing origins – some even tracing its arrival on Earth to meteorites. This article delves into the history, geological formation, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of peridot, offering a comprehensive overview of this captivating gemstone.
History and Lore
The story of peridot is interwoven with ancient civilizations and captivating myths. The name “peridot” originates from the Arabic word faridat, meaning “gem.” Its history stretches back over two millennia, with evidence of its use as early as the second century BCE in the jewelry of priests. Medieval Europeans incorporated peridot into chalices and church decorations, often mistakenly identifying it as emerald due to its similar green coloration.
Ancient Egyptians held peridot in high regard, sourcing it from the island of Zabargad – known in antiquity as Topazios – in the Red Sea. Mining on this island began as early as 340–279 BCE, though the harsh conditions earned it ominous nicknames like “Island of Death” and “Ophiodes” (snake island). Some historians speculate that the famed emerald collection of Cleopatra may have actually consisted largely of peridot.
Throughout history, peridot was believed to possess protective qualities, shielding the wearer from evil spirits and “terrors of the night.” It is also traditionally associated with the celebration of a 16th wedding anniversary.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is the gem variety of the mineral olivine, formed under extreme conditions deep within the Earth’s mantle. It is brought to the surface through volcanic activity, often found in hardened lava. Uniquely, peridot has also been discovered in meteorites, offering a cosmic origin story for this captivating gem.
While historically sourced from Zabargad Island, today’s peridot supply comes from a variety of locations. Major sources include China, Myanmar, Pakistan, Tanzania, Vietnam, and the United States. Hawaii boasts a unique source – Peridot Beach, where the sands shimmer with a luminous green hue due to the presence of peridot crystals. Myanmar is noted for producing peridot of particularly arresting color. The finest specimens of this August birthstone are often found in prestigious museums worldwide.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is characterized by its distinctive yellowish-green to greenish-yellow color. It is important to note that peridot is often confused with other green gemstones, such as emerald and topaz, throughout history.
Peridot’s chemical formula is (Mg, Fe)₂SiO₄, indicating it is a magnesium-iron silicate. The presence of iron contributes to its characteristic green color. While a specific hardness wasn’t provided in the sources, it is a durable gemstone suitable for a variety of jewelry settings.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Beyond its aesthetic appeal, peridot is attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. It is believed to radiate positive energy and promote good health. Some believe it helps overcome nervousness and emotional feelings, offering a sense of calm and well-being.
Certain traditions suggest peridot has healing impacts on the liver and gallbladder, and can improve adrenaline function. It is also associated with activating the “root chakra” and healing ailments related to the skin, gums, and spine. These beliefs, while not scientifically proven, contribute to the gem’s enduring appeal and perceived benefits.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of peridot jewelry requires gentle care. It is recommended to wipe the gemstone with a damp cloth and/or polishing cloth before storing it. A microsuede pouch can provide a safe haven, sheltering the jewelry from exposure to elements that can cause tarnishing or damage. It is crucial to ensure the jewelry is completely dry before storage.
Spinel: A Notable Alternative
While peridot is a primary August birthstone, spinel is another significant gem associated with this month. The name “spinel” comes from the Latin word spina, meaning thorn, referencing the shape of its crystals. Spinel comes in a wide range of colors, including intense red, vibrant pink, orange, purple, violet, blue, and bluish-green.
For centuries, spinel was often mistaken for ruby, with some of history’s most famous “rubies” actually being spinel. The Black Prince’s “ruby,” a 170-carat gem, is a notable example, later identified as spinel and now set in the British Imperial State Crown. Red spinel, along with other red gems, was historically believed to be a remedy for blood loss and inflammatory diseases, promoting harmony and easing anger. Spinel is traditionally gifted to celebrate a 22nd wedding anniversary. Major sources of spinel include Tajikistan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Tanzania, and Pakistan.
Sardonyx: The Original August Birthstone
Sardonyx represents the original August birthstone, with a history spanning over 4,000 years. However, the provided sources offer limited information regarding its properties and lore beyond its historical association with the month of August.
Peridot in Modern Jewelry
Today, peridot continues to be a popular choice for jewelry, offering a unique and vibrant alternative to more traditional gemstones. It can be found in a variety of settings, from delicate pendants and earrings to statement necklaces and rings. The gem’s bright green color adds an enchanting and playful touch to any piece. Retailers offer a wide range of peridot jewelry, including stacking bands, dangle earrings, necklaces, and solitaire rings, often incorporating diamonds for added brilliance.
Conclusion
Peridot, with its captivating green hue and rich history, remains a cherished gemstone. From its ancient origins in Egypt and its association with Cleopatra to its modern-day appeal in contemporary jewelry, peridot continues to fascinate and inspire. Its perceived metaphysical properties and symbolic meanings further enhance its allure, making it a meaningful and beautiful gift for those born in August, or for anyone seeking a touch of luminous green elegance.