August boasts not one, but two recognized birthstones: peridot and spinel. While peridot is often considered the primary gem for those born in this month, spinel offers a vibrant and historically significant alternative. Both stones carry unique characteristics, lore, and appeal, making August birthdays particularly fortunate. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of these captivating gemstones, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
Peridot’s history stretches back millennia, with evidence of its use dating back to 1500 BCE. Ancient Egyptians held the stone in high regard, mining it on a small island in the Red Sea and revering it as the “gem of the sun.” It is believed that peridot adorned Queen Cleopatra VII, the last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt. The gem’s association with the sun stemmed from its ability to capture and reflect light, creating a radiant sparkle.
In Hawaiian culture, peridot is linked to Pele, the volcanic goddess, and is considered to be her tears. This connection highlights the gem’s origins in volcanic activity, as peridot is often found in volcanic lava flows.
Spinel, while historically often mistaken for ruby or sapphire, possesses a rich history of its own. For centuries, it adorned royal crowns and treasures, often misidentified as its more prestigious counterparts. It is only relatively recently that spinel has been fully recognized as a distinct and beautiful gemstone in its own right.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is formed in the Earth’s upper mantle and brought to the surface by volcanic activity. It is found in both volcanic lava and in pallasite meteorites, though the stones found in meteorites are typically too small for use in jewelry. Significant sources of peridot include Egypt, where it was first discovered, as well as Hawaii, Myanmar (Burma), and Vietnam. Vietnamese peridot, discovered in the 1990s, is particularly prized for its varied shades of green, while Burmese peridot is known for its large cuts and rich color.
Spinel’s origins are also linked to volcanic and metamorphic processes. It forms in igneous and metamorphic rocks, often alongside other gemstones like ruby and sapphire. While historically found alongside these gems, leading to its frequent misidentification, spinel occurs in various locations worldwide.
Gemological Properties
Peridot’s chemical formula is (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, indicating it is primarily composed of olivine, magnesium, and iron. The amount of iron present dictates the intensity of its color. Peridot is known for its distinctive yellow-green hue, ranging from pale lime green to a richer olive shade. Importantly, its color remains consistently green under various lighting conditions. It is often referred to as the “evening emerald” due to its capacity to sparkle under both natural and artificial light, though it is distinct from emerald in its composition and characteristics.
Spinel is a separate mineral species with a different crystal structure than ruby and sapphire. It exhibits a wide range of colors, including red, pink, purple, and blue. Specific color variations have industry names, such as rubicelle for yellow-orange, almandine for purple, sapphirine for blue, and chlorospinel for green. Spinel is generally more affordable than rubies and sapphires, offering a vibrant alternative for those seeking red or blue gemstones.
The following table summarizes key properties of Peridot:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 |
| Composition | Olivine, Magnesium, and Iron |
| Color | Yellow-Green (Pale to Olive) |
| Luster | Vitreous |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Peridot’s bright green color is associated with good health, peace, and harmony. It is often called the “gem of compassion” and believed to bring renewal and make all things new. Metaphysical beliefs attribute calming properties to peridot, suggesting it can alleviate anger and even cure depression. It is also traditionally associated with restful sleep. Peridot is the recognized stone for celebrating a 15th wedding anniversary.
Spinel is believed to possess refreshing properties, renewing energy and fostering humility in victory. It is thought to aid perseverance and acceptance after overcoming challenges. Red spinel, in particular, is often linked to the heart and associated with passion and vitality.
Care and Cleaning
Peridot and spinel require similar care to maintain their brilliance. Both gemstones are relatively durable, but susceptible to scratches and damage from harsh chemicals. It is recommended to clean them with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh cleaning agents.
When designing jewelry incorporating these stones, complementary metal choices can enhance their colors. Yellow gold complements peridot’s warmth, while platinum or white gold enhances spinel’s brilliance. The contrast between the stones’ colors – green peridot, vibrant spinel – creates visually dynamic pieces.
Choosing Between the August Birthstones
For those born in August, the choice between peridot and spinel is a matter of personal preference. Peridot is generally considered the primary birthstone, widely recognized and symbolizing abundance and positivity. However, spinel offers a unique allure with its diverse color range and historical significance.
For those seeking a classic green gem with a long history, peridot is an excellent choice. For those who prefer a bolder, more vibrant color and a touch of intrigue, spinel provides a stunning alternative. Lab-created cubic zirconia in a peridot green hue is also a popular and affordable option, capturing the beauty of the natural stone.
Onyx as a Traditional August Birthstone
Historically, onyx was also associated with August as a birthstone. Onyx is known for its granular structure, ideally suited for carving into cameos and beads. While it doesn’t possess the sparkle of peridot or spinel, its range of colors – including red, green, and black – can create striking jewelry. Onyx symbolizes strength and protection, and was historically used in amulets and seals.
Conclusion
Peridot and spinel represent the vibrant beauty and rich history of August’s birthstones. From the ancient Egyptians’ reverence for peridot as the “gem of the sun” to the long-overlooked splendor of spinel, these gemstones offer a unique blend of aesthetic appeal, cultural significance, and metaphysical properties. Whether one chooses the classic green of peridot, the vibrant hues of spinel, or the enduring strength of onyx, August-born individuals can celebrate their birth month with a touch of elegance, strength, and personal meaning.