August is unique among the calendar months, possessing not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and onyx. This tradition stems from a long and evolving history of assigning gemstones to specific months, originating in medieval practices with roots stretching back to ancient times. While peridot and onyx have long-standing associations with August, spinel was officially added to the list in 2016, solidifying its place as a modern choice for those born in this summer month. Each stone carries its own distinct history, symbolism, and gemological properties, offering a diverse range of options for jewelry and personal significance.
History and Lore
The tradition of linking gemstones to birth months is believed to have originated in Poland or Germany several centuries ago, with potential connections to biblical texts. Initially, these associations were based on ancient or traditional stones, dating back to the 15th century or earlier. Over time, as jewelry practices evolved, particularly in North America and Europe, variations emerged, leading to the inclusion of modern birthstones in the 20th century. This explains the presence of three stones for August – a reflection of these evolving traditions.
Onyx holds the distinction of being the original birthstone for August, with a long history of use in jewelry making. Its granular structure made it ideal for carving into cameos and cabochons, and its availability in a variety of colors contributed to its enduring popularity. Peridot, while also ancient in its use, became a more prominent traditional choice for the month. Notably, peridot was highly prized by ancient Egyptians, and is believed to have adorned Queen Cleopatra VII. In Hawaiian culture, peridot is considered the tears of Pele, the volcanic goddess, demonstrating a deep cultural connection to the stone.
Spinel, though historically often mistaken for other gemstones like ruby and sapphire, has a rich history of its own. A famous example is the “Black Prince’s Ruby” in the British Imperial State Crown, which is, in fact, a large spinel. While its true identity was not recognized for centuries, spinel’s vibrant colors have always been appreciated. Its official recognition as an August birthstone is relatively recent, occurring in 2016 by the Jewelers of America and the American Gem Trade Association.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is primarily found in volcanic rock, often associated with basalt. Historically, Egypt was a significant source of peridot, and it remains the national gem of the country. More recently, significant deposits have been discovered in Hawaii, Myanmar (Burma), and Vietnam. Vietnamese peridot, discovered in the 1990s, is particularly valued for its varied shades of green, while Burmese peridot is known for its large cuts and rich color.
Onyx, with its banded structure, forms in the cavities of lava flows. While found in various locations globally, specific sources are not detailed in the provided materials.
Spinel occurs in metamorphic rocks and alluvial deposits. Historically, significant spinel deposits were found in Myanmar, Sri Lanka, and Afghanistan. Madagascar is also a notable source, producing unique variations of the gemstone.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is characterized by its predominantly light green color, though yellow stones can also be found. The intensity of the color is directly related to the amount of iron ore present within the stone; a higher iron content results in a more distinct and valuable gem.
Onyx is not known for its sparkle due to its granular structure, which absorbs light. It is available in a rainbow of colors, including red, green, and black, and is often cut into cabochons, beads, or carved into cameos.
Spinel exhibits a wide range of colors, including red, blue, pink, lavender, and black. These vibrant colors, historically mistaken for rubies and sapphires, contribute to its appeal. Detailed technical specifications regarding spinel’s properties are not provided in the sources.
The following table summarizes the available information:
| Gemstone | Primary Color(s) | Key Properties |
|---|---|---|
| Peridot | Light Green, Yellow | Iron content affects color intensity |
| Onyx | Red, Green, Black | Granular structure, absorbs light |
| Spinel | Red, Blue, Pink, Lavender, Black | Wide range of colors |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Peridot is often associated with good health, peace, and harmony. It is known as the “gem of compassion” and is believed to bring renewal and calm. Some believe it promotes restful sleep and can even help to alleviate anger and depression. It is also the traditional stone for celebrating a 15th wedding anniversary.
Onyx is believed to represent strength and protection. Its versatility in color allows for a personalized gift, catering to individual preferences.
Spinel is associated with spirituality, energy, and revitalization. According to author Judy Hall, spinel possesses refreshing properties and can renew energy after setbacks, fostering humility in victory.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for these gemstones. However, given peridot’s hardness, it is likely relatively durable, but should still be protected from harsh impacts. Onyx, with its lower sparkle and potential for scratching, may require gentle cleaning. Spinel’s durability would depend on its specific composition and cut, but general gemstone care practices would apply.
Conclusion
August’s three birthstones – peridot, spinel, and onyx – offer a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and beauty. From the ancient origins of onyx and peridot to the more recent recognition of spinel, each stone holds a unique place in the world of gemstones. Whether seeking a symbol of peace and renewal with peridot, strength and protection with onyx, or revitalization and energy with spinel, those born in August have a diverse and meaningful selection of birthstones to choose from. The evolving tradition of assigning birthstones reflects a continuing fascination with the power and beauty of these natural treasures.