December is a unique month in the world of birthstones, distinguished by not one, but four official gemstones: Tanzanite, Turquoise, Blue Zircon, and Blue Topaz. Each of these stones presents a captivating shade of blue, mirroring the cool tones of the winter season, and carries its own distinct history and significance. While Turquoise holds the longest tradition as a December birthstone, the inclusion of Tanzanite, Zircon, and Topaz offers a diverse range of options for those born in the final month of the year. This article will delve into the origins, properties, and lore surrounding each of these December birthstones, providing a comprehensive overview for enthusiasts and those seeking to understand the symbolism and beauty of these gems.
A History of Changing Traditions
The designation of birthstones has evolved over time. Early birthstone lists, inspired by Biblical texts, initially assigned ruby as the stone for December. However, the modern birthstone list has undergone several revisions. In 1870, Tiffany & Co.’s “Gregorian Birthstone Poems” pamphlet popularized Turquoise as a December birthstone. The National Association of Jewellers (now Jewellers of America) continued to list Turquoise in 1912, sometimes alongside lapis lazuli. Zircon was added to the list in 1952 by the Jewelry Industry Council of America, and most recently, Tanzanite was officially recognized as a December birthstone in 2002 by the American Gem Trade Association. This evolution reflects changing tastes, discoveries of new gemstones, and the influence of gemological organizations. The question of “the real” December birthstone is therefore complex, as each gem boasts its own compelling history and appeal.
Tanzanite: A Recent Discovery with Ancient Roots
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, first discovered in Tanzania in 1967. The Maasai people of Tanzania have a legend surrounding the stone, believing it was created when lightning struck the ground, transforming the rocks into shimmering blue crystals. They traditionally gifted Tanzanite to mothers after childbirth, believing it would bring health, well-being, and prosperity to the newborn.
Tanzanite is associated with the zodiac sign Sagittarius and is believed to possess metaphysical properties related to transformation, intuition, and raising consciousness. Historically, it was thought to strengthen the immune system, detoxify blood, and regenerate cells, skin, and hair. Its violet-blue shimmer often evokes comparisons to sapphire, lending it an elegant and luxurious aesthetic.
Turquoise: A Stone of Protection and Ancient Lore
Turquoise has the most consistent history as a December birthstone, appearing on birthstone lists as early as 1870. This opaque gemstone ranges in color from a brilliant sky blue to green, often exhibiting veined patterns due to the remnants of the host rock. These veins can be black, silver, tan, or gold, adding to the stone’s unique character. Geologically, Turquoise is a copper aluminum phosphate, formed when chemicals seep through rock in semi-humid and dry environments. The blue hue is derived from copper, while iron contributes to the green coloration.
Throughout history, Turquoise has been revered for its spiritual and healing qualities. Ancient cultures cherished it for its protective powers, and it continues to symbolize wisdom and good fortune.
Blue Zircon: A Sparkling Alternative
Blue Zircon is another of the December birthstones, often overshadowed by its more famous diamond-like counterpart. While Zircon comes in a variety of colors – golden, red, and clear – the blue variety is particularly popular as a December birthstone. Zircon’s brilliance and fire can rival that of a diamond, making it a stunning choice for jewelry.
Blue Topaz: Clarity and Calming Energy
Blue Topaz, while not always listed among the traditional three, is a beloved choice for its icy blue clarity and calming energy. The origin of the name “topaz” is debated, with some believing it comes from the Sanskrit word “Tapas” meaning “fire,” while others trace it to the Greek word “Topazos,” referring to an island in the Red Sea. Blue Topaz is a popular modern choice for December birthstone jewelry.
Gemological Properties at a Glance
While each gemstone possesses unique characteristics, a comparison of their key properties provides a clearer understanding of their differences.
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Color(s) | Hardness (Mohs) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tanzanite | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) | Violet-blue | 6.5 - 7 |
| Turquoise | CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O | Blue to Green | 5 - 6 |
| Blue Zircon | ZrSiO₄ | Blue | 6.5 - 7.5 |
| Blue Topaz | Al₂SiO₄(OH,F)₂ | Blue | 8 |
Note: Hardness is a measure of a gem’s resistance to scratching. A higher number indicates greater hardness.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty of December birthstones. Tanzanite and Blue Zircon, with their moderate hardness, require gentle handling to avoid scratches. Avoid sudden temperature changes and harsh cleaning methods like steam or ultrasonic cleaners. Turquoise, being relatively soft, is particularly susceptible to damage and should be protected from impacts and abrasive materials. Blue Topaz, being the hardest of the December birthstones, is more durable but still benefits from careful cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth.
Symbolism and Significance
Each December birthstone carries its own symbolic weight. Turquoise represents protection, wisdom, and good fortune. Tanzanite embodies transformation, intuition, and new beginnings. Blue Zircon symbolizes prosperity and wisdom, while Blue Topaz is associated with clarity, calmness, and communication. The variety of options allows individuals born in December to choose a gemstone that resonates with their personal beliefs and aspirations.
Sources
- https://myratna.com/blog/december-birthstones/
- https://www.gemrockauctions.com/learn/holistic-gemstone-information/december-birthstone
- https://www.gemsociety.org/article/december-birthstone/
- https://portofinojewelry.com/turquoise-december-birthstone-what-you-need-to-know/
- https://www.cameojewelers.com/december-birthstones
Conclusion
The December birthstones – Tanzanite, Turquoise, Blue Zircon, and Blue Topaz – represent a captivating spectrum of blue hues and a rich tapestry of history and lore. From the ancient traditions surrounding Turquoise to the recent discovery of Tanzanite, each gemstone offers a unique connection to the month of December. The evolving nature of birthstone designations reflects changing cultural preferences and gemological advancements, ultimately providing a diverse and meaningful selection for those born during this special time of year. The significance of these stones extends beyond their aesthetic beauty, encompassing symbolism, metaphysical beliefs, and a lasting legacy of artistry and craftsmanship.