December is a month steeped in tradition and celebration, and its birthstones reflect this richness with a diverse selection of gems. While historically, several stones have been associated with December, including ruby, onyx, and even bloodstone, the modern list primarily features turquoise, tanzanite, and zircon. This article will delve into the history, lore, and gemological characteristics of these three prominent December birthstones, exploring their significance and appeal. The selection of a December birthstone is particularly unique, as the designation has evolved considerably over time, offering a range of choices for those born in the final month of the year.
A Shifting Historical Landscape
The story of December birthstones is one of evolution. Early traditions linked ruby to December, a connection stemming from ancient associations with vitality and passion. However, as birthstone lists were formalized, particularly with the publication of Tiffany & Co.’s “Gregorian Birthstone Poems” in 1870, turquoise began to gain prominence. By 1912, turquoise was established as the primary December birthstone, often accompanied by lapis lazuli as an alternative. The addition of zircon in 1952 further expanded the options, and in 2002, tanzanite was officially recognized as a December birthstone in the United States. This progression demonstrates that the concept of birthstones is not static, but rather a cultural practice that adapts over time. The question of the “real” December birthstone is therefore complex, with turquoise holding the most consistent historical listing, but each gem possessing its own unique allure.
Turquoise: A Stone of Ancient Protection
Turquoise, a semi-translucent to opaque gem, exhibits a captivating range of blue to green hues, often marked by distinctive veins of matrix – remnants of the host rock in which it formed. This matrix is not considered a flaw, but rather a characteristic that adds to the stone’s unique beauty and authenticity. The gem’s history is deeply intertwined with ancient civilizations. The pharaohs of Egypt prized turquoise for adornment and believed it possessed protective qualities. Chinese artisans carved turquoise over three millennia ago, demonstrating its enduring appeal across cultures.
Historically, turquoise was thought to guarantee health and good fortune. From the 13th century onward, it was believed to safeguard against falls, particularly from horseback, and to warn of impending disaster by fracturing. Hindu mystics associated viewing turquoise after a new moon with the promise of wealth. This long-held belief in its protective powers underscores turquoise’s enduring significance as a talisman.
Tanzanite: A Modern Marvel
In contrast to the ancient history of turquoise, tanzanite is a relatively recent discovery. First unearthed in Tanzania in 1967, this gem quickly gained recognition for its stunning beauty and rarity. Tanzanite displays a unique bluish-purple coloration, often compared to sapphire, and is prized for its elegant and luxurious appearance. It is a very protective and soothing stone, believed to facilitate the calm and clear communication of spiritual insights.
The addition of tanzanite to the December birthstone list in 2002 reflects its growing popularity and the evolving nature of birthstone designations. Its relatively recent discovery contributes to its mystique and appeal, making it a favored choice for those seeking a unique and contemporary birthstone.
Zircon: A Spectrum of Brilliance
Zircon, often overlooked in favor of more well-known gems, offers a surprising variety of colors. While blue zircon is most commonly associated with December, zircon also occurs in golden, red, and even colorless varieties that can rival the brilliance of diamonds. This versatility contributes to its appeal as a birthstone. Blue zircon is particularly valued for its ability to encourage joy and emotional balance.
Zircon’s inclusion on the December birthstone list in 1952 broadened the options available to those born in the month, offering a gem with a vibrant spectrum of colors and a quiet, yet powerful, vibration.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
While each December birthstone possesses unique characteristics, understanding their gemological properties provides a deeper appreciation for their individual qualities. Unfortunately, the provided sources do not offer detailed gemological data such as hardness, refractive index, or chemical composition. However, a general understanding of these properties can be inferred from their historical use and perceived qualities. Turquoise, being relatively soft, was often carved and used in intricate designs, while zircon’s brilliance suggests a high refractive index. Tanzanite’s clarity and color are indicative of its crystalline structure and trace element composition.
| Gemstone | Color Range | Historical Significance | Modern Associations |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue to Green | Protection, good fortune, health | Tranquility, wisdom, spiritual grounding |
| Tanzanite | Bluish-Purple | Recent discovery, elegance | Spiritual communication, soothing energy |
| Zircon | Blue, Golden, Red, Colorless | Joy, emotional balance | Versatility, brilliance |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of these December birthstones carries a rich tapestry of symbolism and metaphysical beliefs. Turquoise is often associated with protection, wisdom, and spiritual grounding. Tanzanite is believed to facilitate spiritual connection and promote calm communication. Zircon is linked to joy, emotional balance, and a sense of well-being. These associations reflect the cultural significance of each gem and their perceived ability to influence the wearer’s life.
Beyond these general associations, specific beliefs vary across cultures. Chrysoprase, an older Russian December birthstone, was thought to bring good fortune and mend broken hearts. Onyx, a Tibetan December birthstone, offered self-mastery and protective energy. Bloodstone, another traditional December gem, was believed to instill courage and renew vitality.
Care and Maintenance
The provided sources offer limited guidance on the care and cleaning of these gemstones. However, general principles apply. All gemstones are unique and should be handled with care. Regular cleansing with a soft cloth and mild soap is recommended. Energizing crystals through exposure to moonlight and cleansing with selenite or sage smoke are also suggested practices. It is advisable to remove jewelry regularly to allow the gemstones to rest and prevent damage.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – turquoise, tanzanite, and zircon – represent a fascinating blend of ancient tradition and modern discovery. From the protective powers attributed to turquoise by ancient civilizations to the elegant allure of tanzanite and the vibrant brilliance of zircon, each gem offers a unique and meaningful choice for those born in the final month of the year. The evolving history of December birthstones underscores the dynamic nature of cultural beliefs and the enduring appeal of these captivating gems. The variety available ensures that every December-born individual can find a stone that resonates with their personal style and beliefs.