December is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but five recognized birthstones: blue zircon, blue topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise. Each of these gemstones presents a distinct shade of blue, mirroring the cool tones of the winter season, and carries a rich history and symbolism. While turquoise holds the distinction as the most traditional December birthstone, the inclusion of zircon, topaz, tanzanite, and lapis lazuli offers a diverse range of choices for those born in the final month of the year.
A History Intertwined with Tradition
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with birth months dates back to ancient times, with roots in medieval practices. These colored gems were believed to be blessed and imbued with unique powers, often worn in rings, pendants, and other jewelry. For December, turquoise and zircon have long been considered the primary birthstones, representing the chill of winter with their varying blue hues. Lapis lazuli also holds a significant place in December’s traditional gemological landscape, valued for its deep azure tones and association with wisdom and royalty. Tanzanite is a more recent addition, discovered in Tanzania in 1967, while blue topaz has become a beloved choice for its clarity and calming energy.
The historical significance of these stones varies. Lapis lazuli, for example, was considered a stone of truth and enlightenment in ancient civilizations, believed to enhance intellectual abilities. Turquoise, revered for centuries across numerous cultures, is often seen as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune. These stones are more than mere adornments; they are tangible links to the past, reflecting cultural beliefs and historical narratives.
Geological Origins and Sources
The formation and sourcing of December’s birthstones are as diverse as the stones themselves. Turquoise, a copper aluminum phosphate, forms when chemicals seep from surrounding rocks through rainwater and groundwater in semi-humid and dry environments. Its characteristic blue-green hue is derived from copper, while iron contributes to greener shades.
Zircon is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, celebrated for its brilliant fire and range of colors, including the popular blue variety. Blue topaz, known for its serene colors, is a variety of topaz that receives its color through irradiation. Tanzanite, uniquely, is found in only one location: near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, contributing to its rarity and value. Lapis lazuli’s origins are similarly specific, often sourced from regions with metamorphic rock formations.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
Each of December’s birthstones possesses unique gemological properties that contribute to its beauty and desirability. The following table summarizes key characteristics:
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Color(s) | Hardness (Mohs) | Notable Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Zircon | ZrSiO₄ | Blue, Golden, Red | 6.5 - 7.5 | High brilliance, fire, oldest mineral on Earth |
| Blue Topaz | Al₂SiO₄(OH,F)₂ | Blue | 8 | Clarity, calming energy |
| Tanzanite | Ca₂Al₃(SiO₄)₃(OH) | Blue to Violet | 6 - 7 | Unique color, found only in Tanzania |
| Turquoise | CuAl₆(PO₄)₄(OH)₈·4H₂O | Blue-Green | 5 - 6 | Opaque, often veined |
| Lapis Lazuli | (Na,Ca)₈Al₆Si₆O₂₄S₄ | Deep Azure Blue | 5 - 6 | Associated with wisdom and royalty |
The Mohs hardness scale, ranging from 1 to 10, indicates a mineral’s resistance to scratching. Zircon and topaz exhibit relatively good hardness, making them suitable for everyday wear. Tanzanite, turquoise, and lapis lazuli are softer and require more careful handling to avoid damage. The color of each stone is determined by its chemical composition and trace elements. Zircon’s blue hue, topaz’s serene blue, tanzanite’s violet-blue shimmer, turquoise’s sky-blue glow, and lapis lazuli’s deep azure all contribute to their individual appeal.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, December’s birthstones have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise, long cherished by ancient cultures, is believed to possess spiritual and healing qualities, offering protection and good fortune. Zircon is celebrated for its brilliance and is thought to promote wisdom and prosperity. Blue topaz is associated with calmness, serenity, and emotional stability. Tanzanite, with its unique color and rarity, is believed to enhance intuition and spiritual awareness. Lapis lazuli, historically linked to royalty and wisdom, is thought to stimulate intellectual abilities and facilitate a connection to higher consciousness.
These beliefs, while not scientifically proven, contribute to the enduring appeal of these gemstones. Many individuals choose their birthstone not only for its aesthetic qualities but also for its perceived energetic properties and symbolic resonance.
Care and Maintenance
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and vibrancy of December’s birthstones. Given their varying hardness levels, different stones require different levels of attention. Zircon and topaz, with their higher hardness, are relatively durable and can withstand regular wear. However, they should still be protected from harsh impacts and abrasive materials. Tanzanite, turquoise, and lapis lazuli are softer and more susceptible to scratching and damage. These stones should be stored separately from harder gemstones and cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap and water. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as they can damage the stones’ surfaces. Regular cleaning and careful handling will ensure that these gemstones remain beautiful for years to come.
A Diverse Selection for Every Preference
December’s five birthstones offer a remarkable diversity of color, history, and symbolism. Whether one is drawn to the traditional charm of turquoise, the brilliance of zircon, the serene blue of topaz, the unique violet-blue of tanzanite, or the regal azure of lapis lazuli, there is a December birthstone to suit every taste and preference. The availability of multiple options allows individuals to choose a gemstone that resonates with their personality, beliefs, and aesthetic sensibilities.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones—zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise—represent a rich tapestry of history, geological wonder, and cultural significance. These gemstones are more than just beautiful adornments; they are tangible connections to the past, imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical properties. The diverse selection available to those born in December provides a unique opportunity to express individuality and embrace the vibrant energy of the winter season. When choosing among these gems, careful consideration of quality, authenticity, and proper care will ensure that these treasures remain cherished for generations.