For centuries, a gemstone often mistaken for ruby has quietly held its own beauty and significance. Spinel, now recognized as a distinct and valuable gem, shares August’s birthstone status alongside peridot and sardonyx. While historically overshadowed by its more famous cousin, corundum (ruby), spinel boasts a rich history, a diverse range of colors, and durable properties that make it a compelling gemstone for collectors and jewelry enthusiasts alike. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological characteristics, and symbolism of spinel, drawing upon available sources to provide a comprehensive overview of this often-overlooked gem.
A History of Mistaken Identity
The story of spinel is inextricably linked to that of ruby. For hundreds of years, red spinel was frequently misidentified as ruby, particularly in historical collections. Many famous “rubies” adorning royal regalia were, in fact, spinels. Notable examples include the 170-carat Black Prince’s Ruby in the British Crown Jewels, the 352-carat Timur Ruby, and the 398-carat Catherine the Great’s Ruby – all later confirmed to be magnificent spinels. This historical case of mistaken identity underscores the visual similarity between the two gems, yet highlights spinel’s unique and enduring appeal. It wasn’t until advancements in mineralogy allowed for accurate distinction between the two that spinel began to emerge as a gemstone in its own right.
Geological Formation and Sources
While specific details regarding spinel’s formation are limited within the provided sources, it is understood that spinel is often found in association with ruby and sapphire deposits. This proximity contributed to the historical confusion between the two gems. Spinel is a magnesium aluminum oxide with the chemical formula MgAl₂O₄.
The sources mention that spinel comes in a variety of colors, including red, pink, purple, and a rare vivid blue colored by cobalt. While specific mining locations are not extensively detailed, the sources indicate that spinel is found in countries such as Myanmar, Vietnam, and Tanzania. The oldest recorded source of spinel is the Egyptian island of Zabargad, where mining may have begun as early as 340–279 BCE, though the island’s harsh conditions earned it ominous names like Island of Death and Ophiodes. Peridot Beach in Hawaii is also noted as a location where spinel can be found, shimmering within the sands.
Gemological Properties
The provided sources do not offer a comprehensive list of spinel’s gemological properties. However, they do highlight its durability and beauty. Spinel is described as a beautiful and durable gemstone, making it suitable for various jewelry applications. It is noted that spinel is often overlooked despite its attractive qualities. While a specific hardness value is not provided, the sources emphasize its resilience.
The sources also mention that spinel comes in a variety of colors, including reds, pinks, purples, and vivid blues colored by cobalt. This range of colors contributes to its appeal and versatility.
Symbolism and Cultural Significance
The sources offer limited information regarding the symbolism of spinel. However, the association of red spinel with ruby historically imbued it with similar symbolic meanings – passion, vitality, and love. The sources do not detail specific cultural beliefs or metaphysical properties associated with spinel beyond its aesthetic appeal.
The sources do mention that peridot, another August birthstone, was valued in ancient and medieval cultures, appearing in priests’ jewelry as early as the second century BCE and later in the chalices and churches of medieval Europe. It was also used as a protective talisman, shielding the owner from evil spirits. While this refers to peridot, it suggests a broader historical tradition of attributing protective qualities to gemstones.
Spinel as an Alternative Birthstone
In 2016, the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) and Jewelers of America (JA) officially recognized spinel as an additional birthstone for August, alongside peridot and sardonyx. This decision acknowledges spinel’s beauty, durability, and historical significance, offering consumers a wider range of options when selecting a birthstone. The inclusion of spinel as a birthstone provides an opportunity to celebrate a gemstone that was once overshadowed but now deserves recognition in its own right.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for spinel. However, given its durability, it is likely that standard gemstone care practices apply. These generally include cleaning with a soft brush and mild soap in warm water. Avoiding harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners is generally recommended for most gemstones.
A Gemstone Worth Discovering
Spinel’s journey from being mistaken for ruby to gaining recognition as a distinct and valuable gemstone is a testament to its inherent beauty and enduring appeal. Its rich history, diverse range of colors, and durable properties make it a compelling choice for jewelry enthusiasts and collectors. The inclusion of spinel as an August birthstone further elevates its status, offering a unique and meaningful alternative to more traditional options. As a gemstone worth discovering, spinel continues to captivate with its understated elegance and intriguing past.
Conclusion
Spinel represents a fascinating chapter in gemological history. Once overshadowed by its resemblance to ruby, it has emerged as a gemstone celebrated for its own unique qualities. Its inclusion as an August birthstone signifies a growing appreciation for its beauty, durability, and intriguing past. While the available sources provide a glimpse into the world of spinel, further research is needed to fully understand its geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance. Nevertheless, spinel stands as a testament to the enduring allure of gemstones and the importance of recognizing their individual brilliance.