December is unique among the months, boasting not one, but three recognized birthstones: Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Blue Topaz. Each of these gemstones offers a distinct appeal, ranging from the relatively recent discovery of Tanzanite to the ancient traditions surrounding Turquoise, and the tranquil beauty of Blue Topaz. All three are celebrated for their captivating shades of blue, making them popular choices for jewelry, particularly engagement rings, and cherished gifts for those born in the twelfth month of the year.
A History of December’s Gems
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month of the year has evolved over centuries. While modern lists are standardized, historical variations existed, and different cultures often attributed different meanings and powers to gemstones. December’s birthstones reflect this diversity. Turquoise has a long and storied past, deeply embedded in the cultures of the American Southwest, the Middle East, and Asia. Zircon, though sometimes confused with cubic zirconia, is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, with some specimens dating back 4.4 billion years. Tanzanite, however, is a newcomer to the world of gemstones, its commercial discovery occurring as recently as 1967 in Tanzania.
Tanzanite: A Modern Marvel
Tanzanite is a relatively recent addition to the birthstone family, gaining popularity in the latter half of the 20th century. Its unique trichroism – the ability to display different colors depending on the viewing angle – sets it apart. Tanzanite can exhibit violet, blue, and bluish-grey hues. Jewelers often cut and treat the stone to maximize the vibrant purple and blue tones, enhancing its visual appeal. This gemstone is found exclusively in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, making it a geographically unique and sought-after gem. Tanzanite shares a visual resemblance to the blue form of sapphire, often serving as an alternative for those seeking a similar aesthetic. It is frequently featured in pendants, earrings, and rings, including engagement rings, showcasing its brilliance and color play.
Turquoise: A Stone of Tradition
Turquoise is an opaque gemstone with a rich history, particularly prominent in Asian and Native American jewelry. Its color range varies from green with hints of blue to a deep sky blue. A notable characteristic of turquoise is that jewelers and gemologists can often trace a stone’s origin back to a specific mine. This gemstone is commonly found in desert regions, including Mexico, the Middle East, and the American Southwest. Historically, turquoise has been associated with tranquility, clarity of thought, and communication, making it a symbolically meaningful stone, especially within the context of marriage. It is often used in beaded bracelets, pendants, and rings, reflecting its versatility and cultural significance.
Blue Topaz: A Serene Hue
Blue Topaz is a silicate mineral prized for its vitreous, or glassy, blue hues. The allure of blue topaz lies in its affordability and the sense of tranquility it evokes. Three distinct shades define this gemstone: London blue, Swiss blue, and Pale Sky blue, categorized by their saturation levels. Blue Topaz is a popular choice for those seeking a beautiful and accessible gemstone. It is frequently used in pendants, earrings, and rings, offering a calming and elegant aesthetic.
Gemological Properties Compared
While each gemstone possesses unique characteristics, a comparison of their properties highlights their individual distinctions.
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) | Pleochroism | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tanzanite | Calcium Aluminum Silicate | 6.5 - 7 | Violet, Blue, Purple, Bluish-Grey | Yes | Merelani Hills, Tanzania |
| Turquoise | Copper Aluminum Phosphate | 5 - 6 | Green-Blue to Deep Sky Blue | No | Mexico, Middle East, American Southwest |
| Blue Topaz | Aluminum Silicate Fluoride | 8 | London Blue, Swiss Blue, Pale Sky Blue | No | Various locations |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
The color blue, common to all three December birthstones, is often associated with serenity, stability, and inspiration. Turquoise, in particular, is linked to emotional balance and communication. The association of turquoise with tranquility and clarity of thought makes it a fitting stone for fostering harmonious relationships. Tanzanite, with its captivating color shifts, is believed by some to enhance intuition and spiritual awareness. While not explicitly detailed in the provided sources, it is worth noting that metaphysical beliefs surrounding gemstones are often deeply personal and culturally influenced.
Caring for Your December Birthstone
The care required for each December birthstone varies based on its hardness and composition. Tanzanite, with a hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, requires careful handling to avoid scratches and damage. It is best to clean Tanzanite with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth. Turquoise, being softer (5-6 on the Mohs scale), is susceptible to scratches and should be protected from harsh chemicals and abrasive materials. Blue Topaz, with a hardness of 8, is relatively durable and can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. However, it is always advisable to avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals when cleaning any gemstone.
December Birthstone Rings: A Timeless Choice
December birthstone rings are prized for their beauty and intricate detailing. Whether one prefers the vibrant hues of Tanzanite, the earthy tones of Turquoise, or the serene blues of Topaz, a wide variety of styles are available, ranging from vintage Edwardian designs to modern settings. Vintage December birthstone rings often feature bold blue gemstones and a sense of timeless charm. The choice of setting and design can further enhance the gemstone’s beauty and reflect the wearer’s personal style.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Tanzanite, Turquoise, and Blue Topaz – offer a diverse range of colors, histories, and symbolic meanings. From the recent discovery of Tanzanite in Tanzania to the ancient traditions surrounding Turquoise and the tranquil beauty of Blue Topaz, these gemstones provide a wealth of options for those seeking a meaningful and beautiful adornment. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, historical significance, or perceived metaphysical properties, these December birthstones continue to captivate and inspire.