August boasts not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. This offers a diverse range of colors and histories for those born in this summer month to choose from. While sardonyx holds the distinction as the oldest-known August birthstone, peridot has become the most popularly associated gem, with spinel gaining recognition more recently. Each stone carries its own unique symbolism and geological origins, making the selection a personal journey for those seeking a meaningful connection to their birthstone.
History and Lore
Sardonyx, a variety of chalcedony featuring bands of red and white, claims the longest history as an August birthstone, with references dating back over 4,000 years. It was featured in the high priest’s breastplate and among the foundation stones of Jerusalem, signifying its importance in ancient times. Historically, topaz was also considered an August birthstone, though scholars now believe many references to “topaz” actually described peridot due to their similar coloring.
Peridot’s history is interwoven with tales of volcanic islands and royal collections. The island of Topazios, in the Red Sea, was once thought to be the source of topaz, but is now known to have primarily yielded peridot. The gem was often mistaken for emerald, even adorning the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Cologne Cathedral, where 200 carats of what were believed to be emeralds are, in fact, peridot. Some historians speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have included significant quantities of this vibrant green gem.
Spinel, while a more recent addition to the August birthstone family – officially recognized in 2016 – has a history of being mistaken for ruby, particularly in historical jewelry. For centuries, red spinel was often misidentified as ruby, leading to its underappreciation until modern gemological understanding clarified its distinct properties.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a unique gem in that it can be found in both terrestrial and extraterrestrial origins. It forms under extreme conditions, often discovered in hardened lava carried from deep within the Earth’s mantle, and even within meteorites that have journeyed from outer space. The gem’s green hue is derived from the iron content within its mineral structure.
Spinel’s formation is linked to the geological processes that also create rubies and sapphires, often found in metamorphic rocks.
Sardonyx, a form of chalcedony, is created through the layering of silica in volcanic environments.
The sources for these stones vary. While specific mining locations aren’t detailed in the provided materials beyond the Red Sea for peridot’s historical sources, the gems are found globally.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is a gem variety of the mineral olivine, characterized by its yellowish-green to greenish-yellow color. The intensity of the green depends on the amount of iron present in the stone.
Spinel, a magnesium aluminum oxide, comes in a wide range of colors, including red, pink, purple, blue, and green. The sources indicate that red spinel was historically mistaken for ruby. Specific gemological properties like refractive index and hardness are not provided in the sources.
Sardonyx is a banded variety of chalcedony, composed of silica. Its distinctive appearance comes from alternating layers of red and white. Further details regarding its chemical composition or hardness are not available in the provided materials.
A comparative table of known properties, though limited by the sources, is presented below:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Color Range | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | Magnesium Iron Silicate (Olivine) | Yellowish-Green to Greenish-Yellow | Volcanic Lava, Meteorites |
| Spinel | Magnesium Aluminum Oxide | Red, Pink, Purple, Blue, Green | Metamorphic Rocks |
| Sardonyx | Silica (Chalcedony) | Banded Red and White | Volcanic Environments |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these August birthstones has been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Peridot has long symbolized strength and was believed to ward off nightmares, evil, and enchantments. Ancient Hawaiians associated peridot with the tears of the goddess Pele, brought to the surface by volcanoes. Modern interpretations see peridot as a stone of renewal, refreshing energy, and promoting perseverance. It is also considered a stone of good fortune.
Spinel is associated with passion, protection, and prosperity, acting as a talisman for those seeking vitality. Red spinel, in particular, is linked to the heart.
Sardonyx, with its historical significance, represents courage and strength.
Beyond these traditional associations, other metaphysical beliefs are attributed to various gemstones associated with August. Alexandrite is linked to connecting with guardian spirits, while ruby symbolizes nobility. Sapphire represents wisdom and spiritual truth, and diamond embodies compassion and protection. Moonstone is connected to lunar energy and nurturing, and topaz is a stone of optimism. However, it is important to note that these associations are not universally accepted within formal gemology and are often rooted in cultural beliefs and practices.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources offer limited guidance on the specific care and cleaning of these gemstones. However, given peridot’s composition, it is likely susceptible to damage from harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth is generally recommended.
The hardness of spinel and sardonyx is not specified, making definitive care instructions difficult to provide. However, as with most gemstones, avoiding harsh chemicals and abrasive materials is advisable.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – offer a rich tapestry of history, geological origins, and symbolic meanings. From the ancient lore surrounding sardonyx to the volcanic origins of peridot and the historical misidentification of spinel as ruby, each gem holds a unique place in the world of gemstones. Whether seeking a stone for its aesthetic beauty, its historical significance, or its perceived metaphysical properties, those born in August have a diverse and compelling selection to choose from. The recent recognition of spinel as an official August birthstone further expands the options, offering a vibrant and meaningful connection to the month of August.