November is uniquely represented by not one, but two birthstones: Tanzanite and Topaz. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and symbolism associated with these captivating gemstones, drawing solely from available sources.
History and Lore
The concept of associating gemstones with specific months has ancient roots, tracing back to the biblical breastplate of Aaron, which featured twelve stones corresponding to the tribes of Israel. While the direct link between these ancient stones and modern birthstones evolved over centuries, the practice of attributing meaning and power to gemstones has persisted. Early associations, documented by historians like Josephus and St. Jerome, connected gems to the zodiac signs, suggesting therapeutic benefits and talismanic properties. The modern practice of assigning a single gem to each month emerged between the 16th and 18th centuries, with a formalized list released by the National Association of Jewelers in 1912.
Topaz boasts a particularly long history, with its name potentially originating from the Sanskrit word “tapas,” meaning “fire.” This connection alludes to the gemstone’s inherent brilliance and warmth. Citrine, often associated with November, shares a historical connection to the pomegranate fruit, with its dark red seeds mirroring the gem’s coloration. A legend recounts a young woman named Ululiet, who wore a pomegranate gemstone during dates with the poet Goethe, believing it would convey her love. This story ultimately inspired Goethe’s poem, “The Lament of Marienbator.”
Tanzanite, however, is a much more recent addition to the birthstone canon. Its discovery and subsequent popularity are relatively modern phenomena.
Geological Formation and Sources
Topaz is found in a variety of locations worldwide, including Brazil, Afghanistan, Australia, Myanmar (Burma), China, Germany, Japan, Madagascar, Mexico, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Russia, Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, Ukraine, and the USA. The gemstone’s diverse color range – from colorless to blue, champagne, yellow, orange, red, and pink – is often enhanced through irradiation and heating processes, particularly to achieve the popular blue shades known as “London blue,” “Swiss blue,” and “sky blue.”
Citrine, a variety of quartz, is primarily sourced from Brazil, though deposits also exist in other regions. It consistently exhibits an orange hue, ranging from pale yellow-orange to a fiery, intense orange.
Tanzanite, uniquely, is mined commercially from only one location in the world. The sources do not specify the exact location, but state it is a single area. This limited source contributes to its rarity and value.
Gemological Properties
Topaz is a widely available gemstone, with a chemical composition that allows for a range of colors. The process of irradiation and heating is commonly used to produce the striking blue colors that are highly sought after.
Citrine, belonging to the quartz family, consistently displays orange coloration.
Tanzanite is described as a blue to violet to purple variety of the mineral zoisite. The sources do not provide specific details regarding its chemical composition, hardness, or refractive index.
A comparison of hardness, based on the Mohs scale, is not provided in the sources. However, given the mention of topaz being used in rings, it can be inferred that it possesses sufficient durability for jewelry applications.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Garnet, often associated with January, represents chastity, friendship, and loyalty. Amethyst, the February birthstone, is linked to nobility and a peaceful mindset in Japanese culture. Aquamarine, the March birthstone, evokes aquatic tranquility.
The sources do not detail specific metaphysical beliefs associated with Tanzanite or Topaz. However, the historical practice of wearing gemstones as talismans suggests that these stones were likely believed to offer protection or bestow certain qualities upon the wearer. The association of Topaz with “fire” may have symbolized passion or energy.
Care and Cleaning
The sources do not provide specific care and cleaning instructions for Tanzanite or Topaz. However, given that Topaz is suitable for use in rings, it can be inferred that it possesses reasonable durability. General gemstone care guidelines, such as avoiding harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, would likely apply.
Conclusion
November’s birthstones, Tanzanite and Topaz, represent a fascinating blend of ancient tradition and modern discovery. Topaz, with its long history and diverse origins, embodies enduring beauty and symbolic richness. Tanzanite, a relatively recent find, offers a unique and captivating hue, sourced from a single location. Both gemstones contribute to the vibrant tapestry of birthstone lore, offering wearers a connection to history, symbolism, and the enduring allure of the natural world.