Aquamarine, the captivating blue to greenish-blue variety of the mineral beryl, holds a distinguished position as the birthstone for March. Revered for its serene hues reminiscent of the sea, aquamarine has a rich history interwoven with maritime lore, symbolism, and geological origins. This article delves into the fascinating world of aquamarine, exploring its historical significance, geological formation, gemological properties, and enduring appeal.
History and Lore
The association of aquamarine with the sea dates back to antiquity. The name “aquamarine” itself is derived from the Latin words aqua (water) and marina (sea), aptly describing its color. Ancient mariners believed that aquamarine, carried on voyages, would ensure a safe passage and ward off seasickness. This belief stemmed from the stone’s resemblance to seawater and its perceived connection to the power of the ocean.
While specific historical accounts detailing early aquamarine use are limited within these sources, the gem’s presence within the ancient Israelite High Priest’s breastplate is noted. This breastplate, featuring twelve gemstones representing the tribes of Israel, included beryl in its first row, suggesting the stone’s significance even in ancient religious contexts. The progression of gemstone meaning from religious symbolism to magical mysticism during the Middle Ages further cemented aquamarine’s place in folklore. Though once considered for medicinal purposes, modern appreciation focuses on its influence on mood and mental health.
The modern tradition of assigning specific gemstones to each month is a relatively recent development, but aquamarine’s consistent association with March underscores its enduring popularity and symbolic resonance.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine’s formation is intrinsically linked to the geological processes that create pegmatites. These are coarse-grained igneous rocks formed during the final stages of magma crystallization. Aquamarine, along with other beryl varieties like emerald and morganite, crystallizes within these pegmatites. It can also be found as water-worn pebbles or cobbles in stream gravels, having been eroded from its original pegmatite source. Single crystals of considerable size – up to 243 pounds – have been discovered, demonstrating the potential for substantial aquamarine formations.
Currently, the most significant source of aquamarine is Brazil, particularly the state of Minas Gerais, near the town of Teofilo Otoni. The Santa Maria deposit, though now depleted, was renowned for producing exceptional, deep “electric” blue aquamarine. Lighter blue material is also common from this region, often displaying its deepest color in stones of 5-10 carats or more. Blue-green stones sourced from Brazil are sometimes referred to as “Brazilian Aqua.”
Madagascar also represents a notable source of aquamarine, typically yielding medium to dark blue stones. These are sometimes referred to as “Madagascar Aqua.” The sources indicate that both Brazil and Madagascar are currently the primary commercial sources for this gemstone.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine is a highly valued gemstone characterized by its distinct gemological properties. It is a variety of beryl, with a chemical formula that remains consistent across the beryl family. Distinguishing aquamarine from similar-looking gemstones like blue topaz requires careful examination of its physical properties.
Blue topaz exhibits a higher refractive index (1.62) than aquamarine. Blue glass, in contrast, is singly refractive and lacks the dichroism characteristic of aquamarine. Aquamarine’s hardness, falling between 7.5 and 8 on the Mohs scale, contributes to its durability and suitability for jewelry. This hardness is noted as important when considering the stone for use in jewelry.
The most prized aquamarine colors are a fine greenish-blue and an intense, deep sky blue. Lighter tones and grayish overtones are more common, but still widely available. Flawless to slightly flawed material is readily accessible. Heat treatment is a common and permanent practice used to enhance aquamarine’s color, deepening the hue and removing any green overtones. This treatment is widely accepted within the gemological community. While laboratory synthesis of aquamarine has been achieved, synthetic aquamarine is not yet widely available as of 1998.
The following table summarizes key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Beryl |
| Hardness (Mohs) | 7.5 - 8 |
| Refractive Index | (Not specified in sources) |
| Specific Gravity | (Not specified in sources) |
| Color | Blue to greenish-blue |
| Treatment | Heat treatment common |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, aquamarine has been imbued with symbolic meaning. As its name suggests, the stone is strongly associated with the sea, representing tranquility, serenity, and cleansing. It is believed to promote happiness and courage, and to foster a sense of calm and clarity.
The sources indicate that wearing birthstones allows for self-expression and provides insight into personality. Aquamarine, as the March birthstone, is therefore linked to the characteristics associated with those born in that month. While the sources do not elaborate on specific personality traits, the stone’s inherent symbolism suggests qualities like emotional balance, intuition, and a connection to the natural world.
Care and Cleaning
Aquamarine’s relatively high hardness (7.5-8 on the Mohs scale) makes it a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear. However, like all gemstones, it requires proper care to maintain its brilliance. The sources suggest that its hardness should be considered when selecting a setting for jewelry.
Cleaning aquamarine jewelry is relatively straightforward. Warm, soapy water and a soft brush are generally sufficient to remove dirt and grime. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam cleaners, as these can potentially damage the stone or any treatments it may have undergone. Regular cleaning will help preserve aquamarine’s luster and ensure its continued beauty.
Conclusion
Aquamarine, the March birthstone, is a gemstone of captivating beauty and rich history. From its ancient association with the sea and maritime safety to its modern symbolism of tranquility and courage, aquamarine continues to enchant and inspire. Its geological origins in pegmatites, coupled with its desirable gemological properties and enduring appeal, solidify its position as a treasured gemstone for generations to come. The stone’s serene hues and symbolic resonance make it a meaningful and beautiful choice for both jewelry and personal adornment.