August boasts not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. While spinel gained recognition more recently, and sardonyx holds historical significance, peridot stands as the traditional and primary birthstone for those born in August. Revered throughout history as the “evening emerald” or the “gem of the Sun,” peridot’s vibrant green hues and unique origins have captivated civilizations for millennia. This article delves into the history, geological formation, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this fascinating gemstone, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
The story of peridot stretches back over 4,000 years, with evidence suggesting its use in ancient Egypt. Known to the ancient Egyptians as the “gem of the Sun,” peridot was highly prized and often associated with royalty and power. Some historians speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may, in fact, have been largely composed of peridot, sourced from the Red Sea island of Topazios – a location that ironically lent its name to the gem topaz, due to frequent misidentification.
Throughout history, peridot has been confused with other green gemstones, including emerald and topaz. The Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral features 200 carats of gems once believed to be emeralds, but now identified as peridot. This historical misidentification underscores the gem’s visual similarity to its more valuable counterparts.
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with birth months originated in medieval Poland or Germany, evolving over centuries with regional variations and the introduction of modern birthstone lists in the 20th century. Peridot’s enduring presence on these lists solidifies its status as a significant and cherished gemstone.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is the gem-quality variety of the mineral olivine, composed primarily of magnesium, iron, and silicon (chemical formula: (Mg,Fe)2 SiO4). The amount of iron present within the olivine structure dictates the intensity of the gem’s green coloration. Unlike many gemstones formed through sedimentary processes, peridot originates under extreme conditions, deep within the Earth’s mantle.
These gems are brought to the surface through volcanic activity, carried within hardened lava flows. In some instances, peridot has even been discovered within fallen meteorites, specifically Pallasite Meteorites, though these are typically too small for use in jewelry. This extraterrestrial origin adds to the mystique surrounding peridot, earning it the nickname “Pele’s Tears” after the Hawaiian volcano goddess of fire, Pele. While meteorite-sourced peridot is rare, larger, gem-quality stones are commonly found in the Earth’s upper mantle and brought to the surface by volcanic eruptions.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is characterized by its distinctive yellow-green to olive-green hue, a result of its iron content. Its color remains consistently green under various lighting conditions. The gem is known for its unique capacity to sparkle under both natural and artificial light, sometimes referred to as the “evening emerald” due to this characteristic.
While visually similar to emerald, peridot possesses distinct gemological properties. It is a semi-precious stone, generally more affordable than emerald, ruby, or sapphire. The gem’s color ranges from pale lime green to a richer olive shade, depending on the iron concentration.
A comparison of peridot’s hardness on the Mohs scale to other gemstones is not provided in the sources.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Peridot has long been associated with positive symbolism, representing abundance, protection, and positivity. Ancient Egyptians believed the gem possessed healing properties and protective powers. The stone is thought to ward off evil spirits and bring good health and prosperity to its wearer.
The association with the sun further reinforces its symbolism of warmth, light, and vitality. In modern times, peridot is often gifted to symbolize friendship, good fortune, and new beginnings.
Care and Cleaning
The sources provide limited information regarding the specific care and cleaning of peridot. However, given its composition and hardness, it is advisable to treat peridot with care to avoid scratches or damage. Gentle cleaning with warm, soapy water and a soft cloth is recommended. Avoid harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners, as these may affect the gem’s luster.
Spinel and Sardonyx: The Additional August Birthstones
While peridot is considered the primary August birthstone, spinel and sardonyx also hold significance. Spinel, a relatively recent addition to the list in 2016, offers a range of colors including red, pink, and blue, and is often mistaken for ruby or sapphire. Sardonyx, the original August birthstone, is known for its banded structure and comes in various colors, including red, green, and black. Sardonyx symbolizes strength, courage, and protection and was historically used in amulets and seals.
Sources
- August Birthstone
- What is the Birthstone for August?
- Sylvie Jewelry Blog - August Birthstones
- August Birthstones: Peridot and Spinel
Conclusion
Peridot, with its captivating green hues and fascinating origins, remains a cherished gemstone and the traditional birthstone for August. From its ancient roots in Egyptian royalty to its modern-day symbolism of abundance and protection, peridot continues to enchant and inspire. Its unique formation within the Earth’s mantle and even within meteorites adds to its allure, making it a truly exceptional gem. While spinel and sardonyx offer alternative choices for August-born individuals, peridot’s enduring history and vibrant color solidify its position as the primary and most recognized birthstone for this month.