August is unique among the months, possessing not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. While peridot is often considered the primary August birthstone, spinel’s inclusion as recently as 2016 and the historical significance of sardonyx offer a diverse range of choices for those born in this month. Each gemstone carries its own distinct history, symbolism, and gemological characteristics, making August a particularly rich month for gemstone enthusiasts. This article will explore the origins, properties, and cultural significance of these three captivating birthstones.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating gemstones with birth months dates back to ancient times, originating with the twelve gemstones on the Breastplate of Aaron as described in the Book of Exodus. These stones were believed to correspond to the zodiac signs and, subsequently, the months of the year. The concept evolved over centuries, with various cultures attributing specific powers and meanings to different gems.
Sardonyx holds the longest history as an August birthstone, with use dating back over 4,000 years. Ancient Greeks and Romans valued sardonyx for its perceived strength and protective qualities, frequently employing it in amulets, cameos, and seals. It was believed to bring victory in battle and enhance communication skills.
Peridot’s history is also deeply rooted in antiquity. Ancient Egyptians referred to peridot as the “gem of the sun,” believing it possessed protective powers against evil spirits and brought joy to the wearer. The gem was mined on the island of Zabargad in the Red Sea, and some historians speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have actually consisted of peridot. Throughout history, peridot was often confused with other green gems, such as topaz and emerald, due to its similar coloration.
Spinel, while a more recent addition to the August birthstone family – officially recognized in 2016 – has a history of being mistaken for other, more valuable gemstones. For centuries, red spinel was often misidentified as ruby, and blue spinel as sapphire. This misidentification meant that spinel was often overlooked as a gemstone in its own right until more recent times, when its unique qualities and vibrant colors began to be appreciated.
Geological Formation and Sources
Each of these August birthstones originates through distinct geological processes and is found in various locations around the world.
Peridot is formed deep within the Earth’s mantle and is brought to the surface through volcanic activity, often found in hardened lava. It can also be found in meteorites, originating from outer space. Primary sources of peridot include the Red Sea island of Zabargad, as well as deposits in the United States, Brazil, and other locations.
Spinel forms in metamorphic rocks and alluvial deposits. While specific source locations are not detailed in the provided materials, it is noted that spinel is becoming increasingly sought after as an alternative to ruby and sapphire.
Sardonyx, a variety of chalcedony, is formed through the layering of sard (reddish-brown) and onyx (typically white or black) bands. India is currently the major producer of sardonyx, particularly stones with good contrast between the colored layers. Additional sources include Brazil, Uruguay, the United States, Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Madagascar.
Gemological Properties
Each birthstone possesses unique gemological properties that contribute to its beauty and value.
Peridot: Peridot is the gem variety of the mineral olivine, known for its distinctive yellow-green hue, ranging from pale lime green to a richer olive shade. Its color is due to the presence of iron in its composition, and it consistently remains green under various lighting conditions. Peridot is considered an affordable alternative to emeralds.
Spinel: The provided sources note that spinel is often mistaken for rubies and sapphires due to its similar color range and brilliance. However, spinel is a separate mineral species with a different crystal structure. It is available in a variety of colors, including red, blue, and pink. It is generally less expensive than rubies and sapphires.
Sardonyx: Sardonyx is a combination of two types of chalcedony – sard and onyx – appearing in bands of brownish red to brown to dark orange sard alternating with typically white or black layers of onyx. It has a more stone-like appearance compared to the crystal-like appearance of peridot.
A comparative table of key properties, based on the provided sources, is as follows:
| Gemstone | Color | Composition | Appearance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Peridot | Yellowish-green to olive green | Olivine | Crystal-like |
| Spinel | Various (red, blue, pink, etc.) | Spinel | Brilliant |
| Sardonyx | Brownish-red/brown with white/black bands | Chalcedony (Sard & Onyx) | Stone-like |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these August birthstones has been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties.
Peridot is often referred to as the “Stone of Compassion,” believed to bring good health, restful sleep, and peace to relationships. Its light green color is associated with renewal, love, calmness, and nature. It has also been used medicinally in powdered form as a cure for asthma and dehydration. Peridot is also considered a “Study Stone,” believed to increase mental focus and perseverance. Some believe it acts as an anti-depressant, clearing negative emotions and opening one to love.
Sardonyx symbolizes strength, courage, and protection. Its historical use in amulets and seals reflects its association with victory and enhanced communication skills.
While the sources do not detail specific metaphysical beliefs associated with spinel, its increasing popularity suggests a growing appreciation for its unique energy and beauty.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources offer limited guidance on the care and cleaning of these gemstones. However, based on their gemological properties, some general recommendations can be made. Peridot, spinel, and sardonyx can generally be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners, as these may damage the stones. Due to its layered structure, sardonyx may be more susceptible to damage from abrasive cleaners.
Conclusion
August’s three birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – represent a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and gemological diversity. From the ancient Egyptians’ reverence for peridot as the “gem of the sun” to the historical use of sardonyx as a symbol of strength and the recent recognition of spinel as a distinct and beautiful gemstone, each stone offers a unique connection to the past and a meaningful choice for those born in August. These gemstones continue to captivate and inspire, serving as both beautiful adornments and potent symbols of personal significance.