For centuries, spinel remained in the shadows of more celebrated gemstones, often mistaken for ruby and sapphire. Today, this August birthstone is finally receiving the recognition it deserves, prized for its vibrant colors, durability, and fascinating history. This article will delve into the world of spinel, exploring its geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and the lore surrounding this captivating gem.
History and Lore
The story of spinel is, in many ways, a story of mistaken identity. The name “spinel” originates from the Latin word spina, meaning thorn, a reference to the sharp, crystalline shape often exhibited by the mineral. However, for a considerable period, red spinel was frequently misidentified as ruby, and blue and purple varieties were often confused with sapphire. This misidentification persisted until the 18th century, when advancements in gemology allowed for a clear distinction based on chemical differences.
One of the most famous examples of this historical confusion is the “Black Prince’s Ruby,” a magnificent 170-carat stone that has been part of the British Crown Jewels since 1367. This stone, long believed to be a ruby, is, in fact, a red spinel and is currently set above the Cullinan II diamond in Great Britain’s Imperial State Crown.
Beyond its association with royalty, spinel has been attributed with various healing properties throughout history. Red spinel, along with other red gemstones, was believed to be a remedy for blood loss and inflammatory diseases, and was thought to ease anger and promote harmony. It is also a traditional gift for a 22nd wedding anniversary. More recently, spinel has been associated with the zodiac signs Leo and Scorpio, offering strength and vitality to Leos and renewal to Scorpios.
Geological Formation and Sources
Spinel is found in a variety of geological settings, often alongside other gemstones. Major sources of spinel today include Tajikistan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Tanzania, and Pakistan. Certain locations are renowned for producing spinel with particularly striking colors. For example, Myanmar is known for its hot pink and vivid red spinel. The gem is formed under extreme conditions, and can even be found in fallen meteorites, though these are typically too small for use in jewelry. Larger, gem-quality spinel is more commonly sourced from the Earth’s upper mantle, brought to the surface by volcanic activity.
Gemological Properties
Spinel is a nesosilicate mineral with the chemical formula (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, composed of magnesium, iron, and oxygen. It boasts a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear. This hardness places it just below corundum (ruby and sapphire) and topaz, and well above quartz.
Spinel exhibits a wide range of colors, including intense red, vibrant pink, orange, purple, violet, blue, and bluish-green. The presence of iron within the crystal structure is responsible for the gem’s color, and the specific shade depends on the amount and type of iron present. Unlike some gemstones, spinel consistently maintains its color under various lighting conditions.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Spinel is associated with several symbolic meanings. Its connection to the planet Mars lends it associations with energy, passion, and endurance. In metaphysical practices, spinel is believed to provide clarity and enhance focus, grounding emotional energies and promoting balance during stressful times. Some practitioners recommend spinel for individuals undergoing life transitions or seeking protection from emotional fatigue.
The stone’s layered structure, particularly in sardonyx, a variety of banded chalcedony also considered an August birthstone, has been prized for its dramatic appearance. Sardonyx symbolizes courage, protection, and strength, and was historically used in amulets, cameos, and seals by ancient Greeks and Romans, who believed it brought victory in battle and enhanced communication skills.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, spinel is a relatively durable gemstone. However, like all jewelry, it requires proper care to maintain its brilliance. Spinel can be safely cleaned using warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam cleaners, as these can potentially damage the stone. It is also advisable to store spinel jewelry separately from other gemstones to prevent scratching.
The Rise in Popularity
Until recently, spinel was an underappreciated gem. The development of synthetic spinel in the 19th century, used to imitate more valuable gemstones, further contributed to a negative public perception. However, as consumers increasingly seek alternatives to traditional gemstones like ruby and sapphire, spinel has experienced a resurgence in popularity. Its vibrant colors, durability, and unique history make it an increasingly desirable choice for jewelry. The stone’s affordability compared to rubies and sapphires also contributes to its growing appeal.
August Birthstone Trio
Spinel shares the honor of being an August birthstone with peridot and sardonyx. Peridot, a yellowish-green to greenish-yellow gem variety of olivine, is known as the “sun gem” and has been historically confused with emerald. Sardonyx, a layered gemstone with bands of reddish-brown, white, and black, symbolizes strength and courage. The variety of options available to those born in August reflects the diverse beauty and symbolism found within the world of gemstones.
Conclusion
Spinel’s journey from a frequently misidentified gem to a celebrated August birthstone is a testament to its inherent beauty and enduring appeal. Its rich history, vibrant colors, and durable nature make it a captivating gemstone for enthusiasts, jewelry buyers, and students of gemology alike. As awareness of spinel’s unique qualities continues to grow, it is poised to take its rightful place among the world’s most treasured gemstones.