For centuries, spinel was often overshadowed by its more famous counterpart, the ruby. However, this captivating gemstone has emerged from the shadows to claim its rightful place as a prominent August birthstone, alongside peridot and sardonyx. Officially recognized as an August birthstone in 2016 by the Jewelers of America and the American Gem Trade Association, spinel boasts a rich history, a vibrant spectrum of colors, and remarkable durability, making it a compelling choice for jewelry and a symbol of revitalization. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this increasingly appreciated gem.
History and Lore
The story of spinel is intertwined with that of ruby, as for many years it was frequently misidentified. Numerous historically significant “rubies” adorning royal collections were, in fact, spinels. Notable examples include the 170-carat Black Prince’s Ruby in the British Crown Jewels, the 352-carat Timur Ruby, and the 398-carat Catherine the Great’s Ruby – all later confirmed to be magnificent spinels. This historical case of mistaken identity adds to spinel’s intriguing story, highlighting its visual similarity to ruby and the challenges faced by early gemologists in distinguishing between the two minerals.
The recognition of spinel as a distinct gemstone occurred relatively recently, only a few hundred years ago when mineralogists developed the ability to accurately differentiate between the two. Prior to this, spinel’s beauty was appreciated, but its true identity remained obscured. The official addition of spinel to the list of August birthstones in 2016 aimed to broaden the options for those born in this month and to increase awareness and appreciation for this often-overlooked gem. Before the inclusion of spinel, peridot and sardonyx were the traditional birthstones for August. Sardonyx, the most ancient of the August birthstones, was popular in ancient Rome for seals and signet rings due to its smooth surface and resistance to wax.
Geological Formation and Sources
Spinel is a mineral that forms in metamorphic rocks, often found in association with marble and other metamorphic environments. It can also occur in igneous rocks and alluvial deposits. While specific details regarding the geological processes are not provided in the available sources, the discovery of significant spinel deposits in Tanzania in 2007 brought a new range of colors to the market, including pinkish and orangy-red, purple, and blue hues. These Tanzanian mines have become important sources for this August birthstone.
Gemological Properties
Spinel possesses a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it a durable gemstone suitable for a variety of jewelry applications, including rings. This durability allows for the use of ultrasonic and steam cleaners for maintenance, although caution is advised if the stone contains fractures. Warm soapy water is always a safe alternative for cleaning. Spinel is stable when exposed to light and chemicals, but prolonged exposure to high heat can cause some colors to fade.
The gem is known for its diverse range of colors, including vivid red, cobalt blue, pink, orange, lavender, black, violet, greenish-blue, grey, mauve, and yellow-brown. While red spinels are often compared to rubies, spinel’s color is due to different trace elements. Cobalt is responsible for the rare and vivid blue hues. The sources do not provide specific details on the chemical composition of spinel, but it is identified as a distinct mineral from corundum (ruby).
A 1.77-carat blue spinel pendant crafted in 14-karat yellow gold is highlighted as an example of the gem’s elegance and versatility in jewelry design. The pendant measures 8mm x 8mm, with a total weight of 1.25 grams and a chain length of 18 inches. Gemstone carat weights are approximate, with a potential variance of .05 carats.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
In modern gemology, spinel is believed to symbolize revitalization, refreshing and rejuvenating the wearer. It is often associated with hope and is thought to help overcome stress and improve self-esteem. Historically, onyx, another August birthstone, represented strength and protection. The variety of colors available in onyx allowed for gifts tailored to individual preferences. Spinel, as a chameleon-like gem, also offers a wide range of colors, allowing for personalized jewelry choices.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, spinel is a relatively durable gemstone. It can generally withstand the wear and tear of everyday use. Cleaning can be performed using ultrasonic or steam cleaners, but caution should be exercised if the stone has any fractures. A safe and effective cleaning method is to use warm soapy water. Spinel is stable when exposed to light and chemicals, but it is advisable to avoid prolonged exposure to high heat, as this may cause some colors to fade.
Spinel vs. Other August Birthstones
August boasts three official birthstones: sardonyx, peridot, and spinel. Sardonyx, a combination of chalcedony varieties, features bands of brownish-red to dark orange and white or black. It was historically used for seals and cameos due to its smooth surface. Peridot, known for its dazzling green color, ranges from lime to olive shades and is treasured for its sparkle. While peridot is often found in lab-created cubic zirconia for affordability, spinel offers a unique combination of durability, color variety, and symbolic meaning.
Spinel in Modern Jewelry
Today, spinel is gaining recognition as a beautiful and versatile gemstone. It is increasingly featured in a variety of jewelry designs, from dainty charms to bold rings and elegant pendants. The availability of spinel in a rainbow of colors allows jewelers to create unique and personalized pieces. The gem’s durability makes it suitable for everyday wear, and its increasing popularity is driving demand and appreciation among collectors and jewelry enthusiasts.
Sources
- James Avery Artisan Jewelry
- Gemological Institute of America (GIA)
- Olufson Designs
- My Irish Jeweler
- Nehita
Conclusion
Spinel’s journey from a frequently misidentified gem to a celebrated August birthstone is a testament to its inherent beauty and enduring appeal. Its rich history, diverse colors, and remarkable durability make it a compelling choice for jewelry and a meaningful symbol of revitalization and hope. As awareness of spinel continues to grow, it is poised to become an increasingly sought-after gemstone, appreciated for its unique qualities and its fascinating story.