August boasts a unique distinction among the calendar months: it possesses not one, but three recognized birthstones – peridot, spinel, and onyx. Each gem carries its own rich history, distinct properties, and symbolic meaning, offering those born in August a diverse selection to represent their birth month. This article will explore the origins, characteristics, and significance of these three captivating gemstones, drawing upon historical accounts and gemological insights.
A Historical Tapestry of August Gems
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month has evolved over centuries. Originally, sardonyx was considered the primary August birthstone, with a history stretching back over 4,000 years. However, peridot gained prominence as a “traditional” choice, while spinel was officially recognized as a modern August birthstone only recently, in 2016. This evolution reflects changing tastes, discoveries of new gem sources, and a deeper understanding of gemological properties. The concept of birthstones itself is rooted in ancient beliefs regarding the protective and beneficial powers of gemstones, with each stone believed to influence the wearer’s life in unique ways. These stones were often incorporated into amulets, talismans, and jewelry, intended to bring good fortune, health, and strength.
Peridot: The “Evening Emerald” and Stone of Prosperity
Peridot, the most widely recognized August birthstone, is a gem variety of the mineral olivine, with a chemical formula of (Mg,Fe)2 SiO4. Its characteristic color ranges from yellowish-green to greenish-yellow, a hue derived from its iron content. Throughout history, peridot has often been mistaken for other green gems, notably emerald and topaz. The island of Topazios in the Red Sea, from which the name “topaz” originates, was actually a significant source of peridot.
The gem’s history is interwoven with tales of royalty and religious significance. The Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Cologne Cathedral features 200 carats of gems long believed to be emeralds, but now identified as peridot. Some historians even speculate that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have included substantial quantities of this vibrant green stone.
Peridot’s unique origins add to its mystique. It has been found in both fallen meteorites and volcanic lava, suggesting a formation process linked to extreme geological conditions. While peridot from meteorites is typically too small for jewelry, larger stones are sourced from the Earth’s upper mantle, brought to the surface by volcanic activity. The gem ranks between 6.5 and 7 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, making it durable enough for various jewelry applications. The name Peridot is thought to originate from the Arabic word "faridat," meaning "gem." It embodies attributes of growth, prosperity, good fortune, protection, loyalty, and love.
Spinel: From Misidentified Ruby to Standalone Gem
For centuries, red spinel was frequently mistaken for ruby, and other colors were similarly confused with sapphires. It wasn’t until the 18th century that spinel was definitively recognized as a distinct mineral species, based on its chemical differences. This misidentification led to some of history’s most famous “rubies” actually being spinel. A prime example is the approximately 170-carat Black Prince’s “ruby,” a centerpiece of Great Britain’s Imperial State Crown.
The name “spinel” comes from the Latin word spina, meaning thorn, referencing the shape of its crystals. Spinel exhibits a remarkable range of colors, including intense red, vibrant pink, orange, purple, violet, blue, and bluish-green. Red spinel, in particular, was historically believed to possess healing properties, serving as a remedy for blood loss and inflammatory diseases, and promoting harmony and easing anger. Traditionally, spinel is given as a gift to celebrate a 22nd wedding anniversary.
Today, spinel is sourced from various locations, including Tajikistan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Tanzania, and Pakistan. Certain regions are renowned for producing spinel with particularly striking colors, such as the hot pink and red spinel from Myanmar.
Onyx: The Ancient Stone of Strength and Courage
Onyx is considered the “ancient” birthstone for August, with a history dating back millennia. It symbolizes strength, courage, and protection, and was highly valued by ancient civilizations. Ancient Greeks and Romans frequently used onyx in amulets, cameos, and seals, believing it brought victory in battle and enhanced communication skills.
While the provided sources do not detail the geological formation or specific properties of onyx, its historical significance as a protective stone is well-established. It was believed to ward off negative energies and provide grounding and stability to the wearer.
Astrological Connections and Symbolic Meanings
The association between August birthstones and astrological signs further enriches their symbolism. Peridot is linked to Leo (July 23 – August 22), amplifying Leo’s warmth and creativity. Sardonyx symbolizes the birthstone for Leo, while peridot represents Virgo (August 23 – September 22). These connections stem from the belief that gemstones resonate with the energies of specific zodiac signs, enhancing their inherent qualities.
Caring for Your August Birthstone
Peridot’s hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale requires careful handling. It is susceptible to scratching from harder materials and should be stored separately from diamonds and other abrasive gems. Cleaning peridot can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Spinel, with its slightly higher hardness, is more durable but still benefits from gentle cleaning. Onyx, while relatively durable, can be damaged by harsh chemicals and should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and onyx – represent a captivating blend of history, geology, and symbolism. From the ancient origins of onyx to the recent recognition of spinel and the enduring allure of peridot, these gems offer a diverse range of choices for those born in August. Each stone carries its own unique energy and significance, making them cherished symbols of birth month, personal style, and enduring beauty.