August is represented by the captivating peridot, a gemstone celebrated for its distinctive yellowish-green hue and rich history. As the official birthstone for those born in this summer month, peridot embodies attributes of growth, prosperity, and protection. Alongside the gladiolus and poppy as August’s birth flowers, peridot holds a unique place in both geological and cultural lore. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this radiant gemstone.
A History Steeped in Sunlight
Peridot’s history stretches back millennia, with evidence of its use dating to ancient Egypt around 1500 BC. Revered as the “gem of the sun,” it was believed to possess protective qualities, warding off nightmares and bestowing confidence, health, and positive energy upon its wearer. Ancient Egyptians sourced their peridot from the volcanic island of Zabargad in the Red Sea, a location that remained a significant source for centuries, until the early 20th century.
During the Middle Ages, peridot gained prominence in Europe, becoming highly valued by royalty and the clergy. It was frequently used to adorn church altars and embellish clerical robes, signifying its importance and reverence. The stone’s popularity continued through the Victorian era, where it found its way into intricate jewelry designs.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a gem-quality olivine mineral, with a chemical composition that dictates its characteristic color. The intensity and tint of green depend on the amount of iron contained within the crystal structure. It forms deep within the Earth’s mantle and is brought to the surface through volcanic activity.
While historically sourced from Zabargad Island in the Red Sea, peridot is now found in various locations worldwide. Notable sources include Myanmar (Burma), Pakistan, Vietnam, and the United States (Arizona). The gem’s formation within mantle rocks contributes to its relatively limited availability compared to some other gemstones.
Gemological Properties
Peridot possesses a unique set of gemological properties that contribute to its beauty and durability. On the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, peridot ranks between 6.5 and 7, making it a suitable choice for everyday wear in jewelry. Its refractive index falls between 1.65 to 1.69, and it exhibits a birefringence of 0.035 to 0.038. The specific gravity of peridot is 3.34.
Here's a table summarizing key gemological properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Olivine |
| Color | Yellowish Green |
| Refractive Index | 1.65 - 1.69 |
| Birefringence | 0.035 - 0.038 |
| Specific Gravity | 3.34 |
| Mohs Hardness | 6.5 - 7 |
Peridot is notable for occurring in only one color – green – although the shade can vary from olive to brownish-green depending on iron content. Gem-quality peridot is prized for its clarity and vibrant color.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, peridot has been imbued with various symbolic meanings. The name “peridot” is believed to originate from the Arabic word “faridat,” meaning “gem.” Beyond its aesthetic appeal, peridot is associated with growth, prosperity, good fortune, protection, loyalty, and love.
Ancient Egyptians believed peridot protected against nightmares, while modern interpretations suggest it promotes confidence, health, and positive energy. It is also considered one of the Zodiac birthstones for Virgo (August 23 – September 23), with Sardonyx representing Leo (July 23 – August 22).
Peridot and its Floral Companions: August’s Birth Flowers
August is unique in having two birth flowers: the gladiolus and the poppy. The gladiolus, named from the Latin word ‘gladius’ meaning ‘sword’ due to its pointed shape, symbolizes strength of character, generosity, and moral integrity. Historically, gladioli were awarded to gladiator champions. The poppy, with roots in Sumerian and Greek cultures, represents remembrance, imagination, and, historically, eternal sleep. The poppy’s association with remembrance stems from its prominence in fields of battle during World War I, immortalized in John McCrae’s poem “In Flanders Fields.”
Peridot in Jewelry and Modern Usage
Peridot gemstones are available in a range of sizes, from a few carats to larger stones, making them versatile for various jewelry designs. They are frequently used in earrings, necklaces, and rings, offering a unique and radiant alternative to more traditional gemstones. Peridot’s vibrant olive-green color complements both warm and cool metal tones, allowing for diverse design possibilities. It is even considered a beautiful and symbolic choice for engagement rings, representing love and a promising future.
Caring for Your Peridot
Due to its hardness of 6.5 to 7 on the Mohs scale, peridot requires careful handling to prevent scratches and damage. It is recommended to clean peridot jewelry with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and steam cleaners, as these can potentially damage the stone. Store peridot jewelry separately from harder gemstones to prevent abrasion. Regular cleaning and proper storage will help maintain the brilliance and beauty of your peridot piece for years to come.
Conclusion
Peridot, August’s captivating birthstone, boasts a rich history, fascinating geological origins, and a wealth of symbolic meaning. From its ancient origins as the “gem of the sun” in Egypt to its modern-day appeal in jewelry, peridot continues to enchant and inspire. Its unique yellowish-green hue, coupled with its association with growth, prosperity, and protection, makes it a cherished gemstone for those born in August and a captivating addition to any gem collection. The pairing of peridot with the gladiolus and poppy as August’s birth flowers further enhances the month’s symbolism of strength, remembrance, and vibrant life.