Peridot, a vibrant green gemstone, holds a prominent place as the traditional birthstone for August. Often referred to as the “evening emerald” or the “gem of the Sun,” this captivating stone boasts a history steeped in lore and a unique geological origin. While August also recognizes onyx and, more recently, spinel as birthstones, peridot remains the most popular and widely recognized choice. This article will delve into the history, geological formation, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of this fascinating gemstone, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
The association of peridot with August dates back to medieval traditions, evolving from ancient roots traceable to biblical times. The practice of linking gemstones to birth months originated in Poland or Germany several centuries ago, and has since developed into multiple sets of birthstones – ancient, traditional, and modern. Peridot is considered a traditional birthstone, meaning its association with August dates back to the 15th century or earlier.
Throughout history, peridot has often been mistaken for emeralds, a testament to its similar vibrant green hue. Ancient Egyptians revered peridot as the “gem of the Sun,” and some historians theorize that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection was, in fact, largely composed of peridots. Ancient Romans also cherished the stone, calling it the “evening emerald” due to its ability to maintain its brilliance even in low light conditions.
Beyond its aesthetic appeal, peridot has been attributed with various symbolic meanings. It is believed to increase prosperity, growth, and openness, while also strengthening life and fostering peace, harmony, and good health. It is also the traditional gift for a 15th wedding anniversary, symbolizing enduring love and commitment. Notably, large peridot gemstones adorn the shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral, previously misidentified as emeralds.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is the gem-quality variety of the mineral olivine, forming deep within the Earth’s mantle. Its unique origin sets it apart from many other gemstones. Peridot is occasionally brought to the surface through volcanic activity, and is known as "Pele's Tears" in Hawaiian tradition, referencing the volcano goddess Pele. Remarkably, peridot has even been discovered within certain types of meteorites, lending it an “extra-terrestrial allure.” In 2005, peridot was found in comet dust retrieved by the Stardust robotic space probe, further solidifying its cosmic connection.
While specific mining locations are not detailed in the provided sources beyond the mention of volcanic regions and meteorites, the gem’s formation process is clearly linked to extreme geological conditions. The sources indicate that pallasite meteorites containing peridot are between 4 and 5 billion years old, dating back to the origins of our solar system.
Gemological Properties
Peridot’s distinctive green color stems from its iron content, with shades ranging from yellowish-green to olive and brownish-green. The intensity of the color depends on the amount of iron present, with a pure grass-green hue considered the most desirable. Unlike some gemstones, peridot’s color remains consistent across different lighting conditions, a rare characteristic that contributes to its appeal.
Peridot exhibits extremely high double refraction, a phenomenon where light splits into two rays as it passes through the gemstone. This results in a visual effect where two of each pavilion facet can be seen when closely examined.
The sources do not provide specific details regarding peridot’s chemical formula, hardness on the Mohs scale, refractive index, or carat weight. However, it is noted that lab-created cubic zirconia in a peridot green is often used in birthstone jewelry due to cost and availability, suggesting peridot may not be as durable as some other gemstones.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Peridot is associated with a range of positive attributes and metaphysical beliefs. It is believed to be particularly beneficial for individuals born under the astrological signs Leo, Libra, and Gemini. Beyond its connection to August birthdays, giving peridot jewelry as a gift symbolizes strength, positive energy, and protection.
The stone’s historical associations also contribute to its symbolic meaning. As the “gem of the Sun,” it represents light, warmth, and vitality. Its connection to ancient royalty, such as Cleopatra, imbues it with a sense of power and prestige. The association with Pele, the Hawaiian goddess of fire, links it to volcanic energy and transformation.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific guidance on the care and cleaning of peridot. However, given its composition and potential for inclusions, gentle handling is advisable. Further research would be needed to provide detailed care instructions.
Conclusion
Peridot, the captivating “evening emerald” and “gem of the Sun,” stands as a testament to the beauty and wonder of the natural world. Its unique geological origins, vibrant color, and rich history have cemented its place as a cherished gemstone and the traditional birthstone for August. From its ancient reverence in Egypt and Rome to its modern-day symbolism of prosperity and strength, peridot continues to captivate and inspire. While other stones share the designation of August birthstone, peridot remains the most popular and enduring choice, embodying the warmth and brilliance of the summer months.