Aquamarine, a captivating gemstone reminiscent of tranquil seas, holds a significant place in both historical lore and modern jewelry. While commonly associated with March as a birthstone, sources indicate its historical recognition as an October birthstone in several ancient calendars, including those of the Polish, Hebrew, Roman, and Arabic cultures. This article delves into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care of aquamarine, drawing exclusively from available sources.
History and Lore
The name “aquamarine” itself originates from the Latin words aqua, meaning “water,” and marina, meaning “from the sea,” aptly describing the gem’s serene blue hues. Its association with the ocean extends beyond its name; ancient beliefs attributed protective qualities to aquamarine, particularly for seafarers. In Greek mythology, the stone was believed to be adorned in the hair of Aphrodite’s mermaid daughters. It was also thought to offer protection during battle or legal proceedings.
The gem’s historical usage spans centuries and cultures. Alongside opal and beryl, aquamarine was considered a birthstone for October in ancient times. Modern formalized lists of birthstones began to take shape in the 19th century. Tiffany & Co. initially featured opal in their 1870 “Gregorian Birthstone Poems” for October. However, the National Association of Jewellers (now Jewellers of America) in 1912 designated opal as the primary October birthstone and tourmaline as an alternative, acknowledging aquamarine as another historical option.
More recently, aquamarine has gained prominence in royal collections, notably featuring in pieces owned by both Princess Diana and Queen Elizabeth II of England. These included rings, bracelets, tiaras, necklaces, and earrings, further cementing the gem’s association with elegance and prestige. Beyond its birthstone status, aquamarine is also recognized as the anniversary stone for the 19-year milestone.
Geological Formation and Sources
Aquamarine is a variety of the mineral beryl, belonging to the same mineral family as emerald and morganite. Beryl crystals form in a hexagonal structure and can reach substantial sizes. The blue coloration of aquamarine is attributed to the presence of iron within the beryl’s chemical composition. The intensity of the blue hue can vary, ranging from a pale, translucent tint to a medium-dark shade.
The primary source of aquamarine is Brazil, where it was first discovered. However, significant deposits are also found in Nigeria, Madagascar, Zambia, Pakistan, and Mozambique. In the United States, Colorado has a long history of gemstone mining and is recognized as the state gemstone for aquamarine.
Gemological Properties
Aquamarine exhibits specific gemological properties that contribute to its beauty and value. The refractive index, a measure of a material’s ability to bend light, is used to identify gemstones. While a specific refractive index value is not provided in the sources, it is a key characteristic used in gemological analysis.
The color of aquamarine is a defining feature. Stones typically display light color saturation and tone, meaning deep, dark blues or greens are uncommon. Cutters often utilize both high and low crown angles to manipulate the gemstone’s appearance, either deepening the color or enhancing its sparkle. Quality aquamarine stones are generally “eye-clean,” meaning they lack visible inclusions or blemishes.
The sources do not provide information on aquamarine’s hardness, chemical formula, or carat weight.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, aquamarine has been imbued with symbolic meaning. The color purple, historically associated with royalty, influenced the perception of amethyst, another beryl variety. Aquamarine, similarly, has come to represent spirituality, mental clarity, and healing. Some believe it fosters courage, increases intelligence, and attracts youthful joy. The association with seawater also lends the stone a sense of tranquility and calmness.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of aquamarine jewelry requires gentle care. Sources recommend cleaning aquamarine with a mild solution of water and dishwashing detergent. The jewelry should be soaked briefly and then gently buffed with a soft-bristled brush. It is important to avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight, as UV radiation can potentially affect the stone’s color over time.
Conclusion
Aquamarine, with its captivating blue hues and rich history, remains a highly sought-after gemstone. From its ancient origins as an October birthstone to its modern recognition as the March birthstone and its presence in royal collections, aquamarine continues to symbolize tranquility, courage, and clarity. Its geological origins, combined with its unique gemological properties, contribute to its enduring appeal. Proper care and cleaning will ensure that this “sea’s embrace” continues to sparkle for generations.