August boasts not one, but three recognized birthstones: peridot, spinel, and sardonyx. Each gem carries a unique history, symbolism, and appeal, offering those born in this month a diverse selection to represent their birth month. While peridot holds the longest-standing association with August, spinel’s recent addition in 2016 and the historical significance of sardonyx provide a rich tapestry of choices for jewelry enthusiasts and those seeking the meaning behind their birthstone.
History and Lore
Sardonyx holds the distinction of being the original August birthstone, with a history stretching back over 4,000 years. Referenced in the Bible and utilized in ancient artifacts like the high priest’s breastplate, it held a prominent place in early gemological traditions. Alongside sardonyx, topaz was also considered an August birthstone in ancient times, though many scholars now believe this “topaz” was often, in fact, peridot.
Peridot’s history is equally compelling, often intertwined with that of topaz due to similar coloring. The Red Sea island of Topazios, from which the name “topaz” originates, was actually a significant source of peridot. Ancient Egyptians revered peridot, calling it the “gem of the Sun” and attributing to it special healing powers. Some historians even suggest that Cleopatra’s famed emerald collection may have largely consisted of peridot. The gem also found its way into religious art, notably adorning the Shrine of the Three Holy Kings in Germany’s Cologne Cathedral with 200 carats of what was once believed to be emerald, but is now confirmed as peridot.
Spinel’s story is one of mistaken identity. For centuries, vibrant red spinel was often misidentified as ruby, a more highly valued gem. It wasn’t until more recently that spinel gained recognition as a distinct and beautiful gemstone in its own right, becoming an official August birthstone in 2016 through the collaborative efforts of the Jewelers of America (JA) and the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA). This addition marked an unprecedented change to the established birthstone list.
Geological Formation and Sources
Peridot is a unique gem in that it can be found in both terrestrial and extraterrestrial origins. It forms under extreme conditions, often found in hardened lava carried from deep within the Earth’s mantle, and has even been discovered in meteorites.
While specific mining locations for sardonyx and spinel are not detailed in the provided sources, peridot sources are more clearly defined. Historically, the island of Topazios in the Red Sea was a key source. More recently, discoveries in the American Southwest have made peridot birthstone jewelry more accessible.
Gemological Properties
Peridot is the yellowish-green to greenish-yellow variety of the mineral olivine. Its color can vary from yellowish-green to olive green, depending on the amount of iron present within the stone. Throughout history, it has often been confused with emerald and topaz due to its similar hues.
Spinel, while historically mistaken for ruby, possesses its own distinct characteristics. The sources do not provide specific details on spinel’s chemical composition or other gemological properties.
Sardonyx is not detailed in terms of its gemological properties within the provided sources.
The following table summarizes the available information regarding peridot:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Mineral | Olivine |
| Color | Yellowish-green to greenish-yellow |
| Historical Confusion | Often mistaken for emerald and topaz |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Peridot has long been associated with positivity, warmth, and strength. Linked to the heart chakra, it is believed to clear negative energy, foster openness, confidence, and harmony, earning it the title “stone of compassion.” In medieval times, it was thought to ward off evil spirits and protect against nightmares and fears, making it a talisman of protection.
Spinel is associated with rejuvenation and is believed to open all chakras, inspiring the movement of Kundalini energies.
Sardonyx is believed to promote self-control, willpower, and integrity, helping individuals become the best version of themselves.
Care and Cleaning
Peridot, similar to emerald, requires careful handling. It can fracture under stress or exposure to extreme heat. Gentle care is essential to maintain its brilliance.
The sources do not provide specific care instructions for spinel or sardonyx.
Conclusion
The August birthstones – peridot, spinel, and sardonyx – offer a fascinating glimpse into the history, geology, and symbolism of gemstones. From the ancient reverence for peridot as the “gem of the Sun” to the recent recognition of spinel’s unique beauty and the historical significance of sardonyx, each stone provides a meaningful connection to the month of August. The choice between these three gems ultimately comes down to personal preference, offering a diverse range of options for those seeking a birthstone that resonates with their individual style and beliefs.