December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – blue topaz, turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite – offering a diverse palette of color, history, and meaning for those born in the final month of the year. While modern lists often highlight blue topaz, traditional associations include turquoise and zircon, with tanzanite being a more recent addition. This multiplicity of choices reflects a rich and evolving tradition surrounding these captivating gemstones.
A History of December’s Gems
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with months of the year dates back to ancient times, though the specific pairings have shifted over centuries. The practice gained prominence in the United States with the establishment of an official birthstone list by the American National Retail Jewelers Association in 1912. However, even before this standardization, December’s birthstones held significance in various cultures. Turquoise and zircon have long been considered primary gems for December, both offering different shades of blue that evoke the chill of winter.
Lapis lazuli, also considered a traditional December stone, was historically associated with wisdom and royalty, believed to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge. Turquoise, revered for centuries, was often seen as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune. These colored gems were not merely adornments but were believed to bestow blessings upon the wearer, a practice rooted in medieval times.
Blue Topaz: A Calming Influence
Blue topaz, the most frequently cited modern birthstone for December, is prized for its soothing and calming properties. It is believed to promote good communication, quiet chaos, and encourage restful sleep. Historically, it was even given to those suffering from high fevers or experiencing intense emotions, thought to possess a cooling effect.
Blue topaz exhibits a range of shades, categorized as sky blue (pale), Swiss blue (medium), and London blue (deep). This variety allows for a personalized selection based on individual preference. Gemologically, blue topaz registers a Mohs hardness of 8, making it a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear.
Turquoise: A Stone of Protection and Tranquility
Turquoise, a traditional December birthstone, is celebrated for its captivating blue-green hues and its association with tranquility and positive energy. Across numerous cultures, it has been regarded as a protective talisman and a symbol of good luck. It is believed to instill inner calm and foster creativity. Its vibrant color is often linked to wintry landscapes, offering a touch of warmth and optimism.
Zircon: An Ancient and Brilliant Gem
Zircon, another long-standing December birthstone, is celebrated for its brilliant fire and diverse range of colors. It is one of the oldest minerals on Earth, lending it significant historical and geological value. Zircon’s brilliance stems from its high refractive index, causing light to bounce internally and create a dazzling display.
Tanzanite: A Modern Marvel
Tanzanite is a more recent addition to the December birthstone family, gaining popularity for its unique blue to violet color. Its exclusivity adds to its allure, as it is found in only one area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. This limited source contributes to its value and desirability.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
The December birthstones exhibit a range of gemological properties, influencing their durability, appearance, and value. The following table summarizes key characteristics:
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Mohs Hardness | Notable Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | Bright Blue | 8 | Calming properties, range of blue shades |
| Turquoise | Blue-Green | 5-6 | Protective talisman, vibrant color |
| Zircon | Rainbow of Colors | 6.5-7.5 | Brilliant fire, ancient mineral |
| Tanzanite | Blue to Violet | 6-7 | Unique color, limited source (Tanzania) |
It is important to note that turquoise is significantly softer than the other December birthstones, requiring more careful handling and protection.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each December birthstone carries its own unique symbolism and metaphysical associations. Blue topaz is linked to communication, tranquility, and emotional balance. Turquoise represents protection, good fortune, and inner peace. Zircon is associated with prosperity, wisdom, and honor. Tanzanite is believed to enhance intuition, spiritual awareness, and transformation.
These beliefs, while not scientifically proven, contribute to the enduring appeal of these gemstones and their significance as personal talismans.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of December birthstones. Blue topaz and zircon, with their relatively high hardness, are durable and can be cleaned with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Tanzanite requires gentle cleaning as it can be susceptible to damage from harsh chemicals or ultrasonic cleaners. Turquoise, being a softer stone, should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap, avoiding any abrasive materials. It is advisable to remove jewelry containing these gemstones before engaging in strenuous activities or exposing them to harsh chemicals.
The Expanding Birthstone List
The modern birthstone chart continues to evolve, with additions like spinel, citrine, and tanzanite reflecting changing tastes and discoveries. In the United States, individuals often choose from both traditional and modern lists, selecting stones that resonate with them personally. The availability and cost of gemstones also influence choices, with some traditional stones like turquoise being more affordable than their modern counterparts.
Conclusion
The December birthstones – blue topaz, turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite – represent a captivating blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. From ancient traditions to modern discoveries, these gemstones have held a special place in human culture, offering not only aesthetic appeal but also believed metaphysical properties. Whether chosen for their calming influence, protective qualities, or unique brilliance, December’s diverse gems provide a meaningful and personal connection for those born in the final month of the year.