Amethyst, the captivating purple variety of quartz, holds the distinguished position as the primary birthstone for February. Revered for its rich hues, ranging from delicate lilac to deep violet, this gemstone has a long and storied history, interwoven with mythology, royalty, and symbolism. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, amethyst is believed to possess properties promoting clarity, balance, and even protection. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological characteristics, and cultural significance of amethyst, providing a comprehensive overview of this beloved gemstone.
History and Lore
The history of amethyst stretches back millennia, with evidence of its use dating to ancient civilizations. The name “amethyst” originates from the Greek word amethystos, meaning “a remedy against drunkenness.” This belief stemmed from the gem’s wine-like color and the ancient Greek custom of drinking wine from amethyst goblets, hoping to prevent intoxication. The association with Bacchus, the Greek god of wine, further solidified this connection.
Beyond preventing inebriation, amethyst was also thought to bestow clarity of thought and protect the wearer in both battle and business. Renaissance Europeans believed the stone could calm passionate emotions, offering a sense of composure and control. Perhaps one of the most enduring legends links amethyst to St. Valentine, the patron saint of romantic love. It is said that he wore an amethyst ring carved with the image of Cupid, popularizing the gem as a symbol of pure and devoted love. Throughout history, amethyst has been highly valued by royalty, adorning the collections of European and Asian royal families.
Geological Formation and Sources
Amethyst is a form of quartz, specifically a macrocrystalline variety of silica dioxide (SiO2). Its characteristic purple color is a result of irradiation, iron impurities, and the presence of trace elements within the quartz crystal structure. The formation of amethyst typically occurs within volcanic geode cavities. As hydrothermal fluids rich in silica circulate through these cavities, quartz crystals begin to grow. The presence of iron and irradiation then contribute to the development of the purple coloration.
While historically, Siberian amethyst, known for its rich purple color with flashes of red and blue, was considered the most valuable, amethyst is now found in numerous locations worldwide. The sources are not explicitly detailed in the provided materials beyond a historical reference to Siberia.
Gemological Properties
Amethyst exhibits several key gemological properties that contribute to its beauty and desirability. Its color is the most defining characteristic, varying from light, pinkish shades to deep, intense violet. The darker stones were traditionally more highly valued, though lavender hues, marketed as “Rose de France,” have gained popularity in recent years.
While a detailed table of properties isn’t available in the provided sources, amethyst’s classification as a quartz places it at a 7 on the Mohs scale of hardness, making it relatively durable and suitable for a wide range of jewelry applications. The price of amethyst varies depending on color intensity, clarity, and size. A lovely amethyst can be purchased for between $20 and $30 per carat, while exceptional stones may reach $40 per carat. Amethyst can be cut into various shapes and sizes, making it versatile for use in rings, earrings, pendants, and bracelets.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Amethyst is rich in symbolism, representing purification, wisdom, balance, and tranquility. Its association with St. Valentine imbues it with connotations of romantic love and devotion. Throughout history, it has been considered a stone of spiritual awareness, promoting a sense of inner peace and connection. The gem is believed to enhance intuition, calm the mind, and foster emotional stability.
The provided sources also mention that amethyst is associated with empowerment and inner strength, making it a meaningful choice for those born in February. Modern interpretations often link amethyst to the crown chakra, promoting spiritual growth and enlightenment.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, amethyst is relatively durable, but it still requires proper care to maintain its brilliance. It is susceptible to damage from harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners. The best way to clean amethyst jewelry is with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Rinse thoroughly and dry with a soft cloth. Avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight, as this can cause the color to fade over time. Storing amethyst jewelry separately from other gemstones will help prevent scratches and maintain its luster.
February’s Second Birthstone: Jasper
While amethyst is the primary birthstone for February, the sources indicate that jasper also holds this distinction. Jasper, unlike the consistent purple of amethyst, is known for its diverse range of colors, including red, green, yellow, blue, and even banded varieties like “zebra” (white with black stripes). Jasper is said to represent strength, courage, and wisdom. However, the provided materials focus primarily on amethyst, offering limited details regarding jasper’s specific properties or historical significance.
The Evolution of Birthstone Lists
The concept of birthstones has evolved over time. Originally, birthstones were assigned based on color and availability. However, as gemology advanced and demand for certain stones fluctuated, the lists were updated. The National Association of Jewelers formalized the first standard list in 1912, and subsequent revisions added alternate gems to increase accessibility, affordability, and cater to changing preferences. This explains the presence of multiple birthstones for some months, offering individuals a wider range of choices.
Amethyst in Modern Jewelry
Today, amethyst remains a popular choice for jewelry, appreciated for its beauty, affordability, and symbolic meaning. It is frequently featured in rings, earrings, pendants, and bracelets, often complemented by diamond accents to enhance its brilliance. The versatility of amethyst allows it to be incorporated into a variety of jewelry styles, from classic and elegant designs to more contemporary and artistic creations. The availability of both natural and lab-created amethyst ensures that this captivating gemstone remains accessible to a broad audience.
Conclusion
Amethyst, the regal purple birthstone of February, is a gemstone steeped in history, mythology, and symbolism. From its ancient origins as a remedy against drunkenness to its association with royalty and romantic love, amethyst has captivated humankind for millennia. Its geological formation, gemological properties, and enduring beauty continue to make it a cherished gemstone for jewelry enthusiasts and collectors alike. Whether chosen for its aesthetic appeal, its symbolic meaning, or simply its captivating color, amethyst remains a timeless treasure.