December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – Blue Topaz, Blue Zircon, Tanzanite, and Turquoise – offering a spectrum of color and symbolism for those born in the final month of the year. While historically Turquoise held prominence, modern lists frequently feature Blue Topaz and Tanzanite alongside it, providing a diverse selection for personal preference. This article will delve into the origins, properties, and significance of these December birthstones, focusing primarily on Blue Topaz, Tanzanite, and Turquoise, as these are the most extensively covered in available resources.
History and Lore
Turquoise holds the longest documented history of the December birthstones, cherished for millennia across numerous cultures. Ancient Egyptians, including pharaohs like King Tut, adorned themselves with turquoise jewelry, demonstrating its high status and perceived protective qualities. Chinese artisans similarly valued the stone, carving intricate masterpieces from it over 3,000 years ago. This enduring appeal speaks to the stone’s inherent beauty and the beliefs surrounding its power to bring good fortune and health.
Blue Zircon, while also ancient, is often confused with modern cubic zirconia due to the similarity in name. It has been used as a diamond alternative, but is a naturally occurring gemstone in its own right. Tanzanite is a more recent addition to the birthstone family, only being added to the list in 1952. Its discovery in Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro, has quickly established it as a sought-after gem. Blue Topaz gained recognition as a December birthstone in 2002, assigned by the Jewelers of America, though its history as a valued gemstone extends much further back. The name “topaz” itself originates from the Sanskrit word for “fire.”
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these gemstones are as diverse as their appearances. Turquoise is typically found with veins of matrix, remnants of the rock in which it formed. Notable sources include Iran, China, New Mexico, and Arizona. The presence of this matrix makes each piece of turquoise jewelry unique.
Tanzanite is exceptionally rare, found in a small area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania – the only place on Earth where it is mined. This limited source contributes to its value and desirability.
Blue Zircon is mined in several locations, including Australia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Cambodia, Canada, and the United States.
Blue Topaz, a silicate mineral containing aluminum and fluorine, is found in various locations, though specific mining details beyond its mineral composition are not provided in the available sources.
Gemological Properties
Blue Topaz is a silicate mineral with a glass-like luster and deep cleavage, making it somewhat delicate despite its hardness. Its color ranges from dark, inky blues – known as London Blue Topaz – to lighter, cooler shades like Swiss Blue and Sky Blue. The chemical formula for Blue Topaz is Al2SiO4(F,OH)4, indicating strong chemical bonding.
Tanzanite exhibits a captivating trichroism, displaying different colors depending on the viewing angle. Its hues range from blue to violet, adding to its allure. Most commercially available Tanzanite undergoes heat treatment to minimize brown tones and enhance the blue shades, making them resemble sapphire. However, it is prone to scratching and is best suited for earrings and pendants.
Turquoise ranges in color from blue to green and is often semi-translucent to opaque. The presence of a matrix, the remnant of the host rock, is a defining characteristic, ensuring each piece is unique.
The following table summarizes key properties:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Color Range | Hardness | Notable Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | Al2SiO4(F,OH)4 | Dark Blue to Light Blue | (Not specified in sources) | Deep cleavage, various shades (London, Swiss, Sky) |
| Tanzanite | Zoisite | Blue to Violet | (Not specified in sources) | Trichroism, often heat-treated |
| Turquoise | (Not specified) | Blue to Green | (Not specified in sources) | Matrix veining, semi-translucent to opaque |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of these December birthstones carries its own symbolic weight. Turquoise is associated with loyalty, great love, health, good fortune, and peace. Blue Zircon symbolizes chastity, virtuousness, and trustworthiness. Tanzanite represents the heart, intellect, intuition, and purity.
The choice of birthstone can therefore be guided by personal values and desired attributes. Turquoise, with its long history of protective qualities, might appeal to those seeking stability and well-being. Tanzanite, representing transformation and spiritual enlightenment, could resonate with individuals undergoing personal growth.
Care and Cleaning
The available sources provide limited specific care instructions. However, given Blue Topaz’s deep cleavage, it is described as somewhat delicate and requires careful handling. Tanzanite’s susceptibility to scratching suggests it is best worn as earrings or pendants, minimizing exposure to abrasive surfaces. General gemstone care principles – avoiding harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and extreme temperature changes – apply to all three stones.
How to Choose the Right Birthstone for December?
Selecting the ideal December birthstone involves considering style, symbolic meaning, and price. Turquoise is noted as one of the more affordable options, making it accessible for those on a budget. Tanzanite is described as more expensive, reflecting its rarity and desirability. Blue Topaz and Blue Zircon fall into intermediate price ranges. The preference for natural tones, bolder hues, or specific symbolic associations will further guide the selection process.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Blue Topaz, Tanzanite, and Turquoise – offer a captivating range of colors, histories, and symbolic meanings. From the ancient allure of Turquoise to the modern appeal of Tanzanite and Blue Topaz, each gemstone holds a unique place in the world of gemology. Whether chosen for their aesthetic beauty, perceived metaphysical properties, or personal significance, these December birthstones provide a beautiful and meaningful connection to the final month of the year.