December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – not one, but five – each offering a unique blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. Traditionally, turquoise and zircon held prominence as the birthstones for this month, representing the cool, serene colors of winter. However, modern lists have expanded to include blue topaz, tanzanite, and lapis lazuli, providing a diverse selection for those born in December. These gemstones are more than mere adornments; they are tangible links to ancient cultures, geological wonders, and enduring human fascination.
A History Rooted in Tradition and Modernity
The practice of associating gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient times, though the specific correspondences have evolved over centuries. The origins of birthstone traditions are often linked to the breastplate of Aaron, the High Priest of the Israelites, which was adorned with twelve gemstones representing the tribes of Israel. While the exact mapping of stones to months varied, the concept of gemstones possessing special powers and significance became deeply ingrained in cultural beliefs.
The tradition continued through medieval times, with gemstones believed to offer protection, health, and good fortune to those born in their corresponding month. These colored gems were not simply decorative; they were considered blessed objects, worn in rings, pendants, and other jewelry. This practice wasn’t a fleeting fashion, but a continuation of ancient customs.
The standardization of birthstone lists occurred in 1912 by the National Association of Jewelers, aiming to provide a consistent and commercially viable system. This led to the recognition of multiple birthstones for some months, including December, offering a wider range of choices in color, price, and personal meaning. The inclusion of both traditional stones like turquoise and lapis lazuli alongside more recently discovered gems like tanzanite reflects this evolution.
Geological Origins and Global Sources
The formation of December’s birthstones spans diverse geological processes and locations. Zircon, one of the oldest minerals on Earth, is found in metamorphic and igneous rocks, often as a byproduct of other mineral mining operations. Topaz forms in igneous rocks, particularly granites and rhyolites, and is often found in alluvial deposits. Tanzanite, uniquely, is found in only one location: the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. This limited source contributes to its rarity and value. Turquoise, a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, forms in arid regions through a process of weathering of copper-rich rocks. Lapis lazuli, a metamorphic rock, is formed through the alteration of limestone by contact with igneous intrusions.
While specific mining locations beyond Tanzania for tanzanite are not detailed in the available sources, the gems are sourced globally. Turquoise and lapis lazuli have been historically mined in regions like Egypt, where they were prized by ancient civilizations.
Gemological Properties: A Spectrum of Brilliance
Each December birthstone possesses distinct gemological properties that contribute to its unique appeal.
Zircon is celebrated for its brilliant fire and range of colors, though blue zircon is particularly favored as a December birthstone.
Topaz, known for its hardness, displays a vitreous luster and comes in a variety of colors, with blue topaz being a popular choice.
Tanzanite is prized for its unique pleochroism – displaying different colors when viewed from different angles – ranging from blue to violet.
Turquoise is characterized by its captivating blue-green hues, often with matrix patterns.
Lapis Lazuli is distinguished by its deep azure tones, frequently adorned with golden pyrite flecks.
A comparative overview of hardness, based on the Mohs scale, is presented below:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Zircon | 6.5 - 7.5 |
| Topaz | 8 |
| Tanzanite | 6 - 7 |
| Turquoise | 5 - 6 |
| Lapis Lazuli | 5 - 6 |
These varying hardness levels influence the gemstones’ durability and suitability for different types of jewelry.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, December’s birthstones have been imbued with symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Lapis lazuli has long been associated with wisdom and royalty, believed to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge. Turquoise, revered for centuries, is often seen as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune, instilling a sense of inner calm and fostering creativity.
December birthstones are generally believed to possess metaphysical properties and color vibrancy that reflect brilliance. They have been used in engagement rings, wedding bands, and necklaces, suggesting a connection to love, commitment, and celebration. The stones are thought to reflect the wearer’s personality and bring a variety of cultural significances.
Care and Maintenance: Preserving Beauty and Longevity
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of December birthstones. Zircon should be cleaned gently with mild soap and a soft brush, avoiding direct sunlight and harsh chemicals. Topaz, being relatively hard, can withstand some exposure but should still be handled carefully and cleaned with lukewarm water and a soft brush. Tanzanite requires gentle cleaning with a soft brush and mild soap, avoiding ultrasonic cleaners or harsh chemicals. Lapis lazuli, being softer, should be protected from scratches and stored separately. Turquoise, often found in vintage jewelry, needs careful handling due to its softer composition, kept away from harsh chemicals and stored in a jewelry box. Following these guidelines will help ensure that these gemstones remain vibrant for years to come.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones—zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, individuals can select a stone that resonates with their personal preferences and values, connecting them to a legacy of beauty, meaning, and geological wonder. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time. As fine jewelry, December's birthstones are not only stylish but also connect wearers to historical and cultural narratives, enhancing both their aesthetic appeal and personal meaning.