Turquoise has been a cherished gemstone for millennia, holding a prominent place in the adornments of ancient rulers and the artistry of diverse cultures. Recognized as a primary birthstone for December, alongside Tanzanite and Blue Zircon, Turquoise is celebrated for its captivating blue-green hues and the sense of serenity it evokes. This article will explore the history, origins, properties, and symbolism of this remarkable gem, offering insights into its enduring appeal and significance.
History and Lore
The history of Turquoise is deeply interwoven with human civilization, stretching back thousands of years. Evidence suggests its use dates back to at least 3,000 years ago, with Chinese artists skillfully carving the stone into intricate masterpieces. In ancient Egypt, Turquoise held a particularly esteemed position, frequently incorporated into the jewelry of pharaohs and other rulers. The discovery of Turquoise adorning the burial artifacts of King Tut underscores its importance in ancient Egyptian culture.
Beyond Egypt and China, Turquoise has been valued across the globe. Its use has been documented in Persia (modern-day Iran), where it has been mined for centuries, and in the southwestern regions of North America, particularly in New Mexico and Arizona. Throughout history, the stone has been associated with protection, healing, and spiritual connection.
The addition of Tanzanite as a December birthstone occurred more recently, in 1952, expanding the options for those born in the twelfth month. However, Turquoise remains the most commonly recognized and historically significant December birthstone.
Geological Formation and Sources
Turquoise is not formed in the same manner as many other gemstones. It is a secondary mineral, meaning it forms from the alteration of existing minerals. Specifically, it arises from the weathering and oxidation of copper-rich rocks in arid regions. This process involves rainwater percolating through the rock, reacting with copper, aluminum, and phosphorus, ultimately precipitating Turquoise. The presence of iron can contribute to the green hues often observed in the stone.
A defining characteristic of many Turquoise specimens is the presence of a “matrix” – veins or patterns of the host rock that remain embedded within the gemstone. This matrix is not a flaw but rather a unique feature that adds to the stone’s character and individuality.
Significant sources of Turquoise include:
- Iran: Historically a major producer of high-quality Turquoise.
- China: An ancient source with a long tradition of carving the stone.
- New Mexico & Arizona (USA): Important contemporary sources, particularly for Turquoise with distinctive matrix patterns.
Gemological Properties
Turquoise is typically found as opaque to semi-translucent masses. Its color ranges from a vibrant sky blue to a greenish-blue, with variations influenced by the presence of other minerals. The stone does not exhibit the same brilliance or fire as diamonds or other faceted gemstones. Instead, its beauty lies in its color, texture, and unique matrix patterns.
While specific gemological data like refractive index and chemical formula are not provided in the available sources, it is understood that Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum. Its relative softness makes it suitable for carving and cabochon cuts, but less ideal for facets.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, Turquoise has been imbued with symbolic meaning. It is often associated with protection, truth, and deep healing. The stone is believed to support clear communication, emotional release, and spiritual alignment. Its calming blue-green hues are thought to evoke feelings of tranquility and serenity.
For those born in December, Turquoise is considered a stone that embodies winter wisdom and offers a sense of grounding during the often-hectic holiday season. It is seen as a gift that conveys thoughtfulness and intention.
Care and Cleaning
Turquoise requires gentle care to maintain its beauty. It is advisable to remove Turquoise jewelry before showering, swimming, or engaging in strenuous activities. Contact with perfumes, lotions, hairspray, and cleaning products should be avoided, as these substances can damage the stone’s surface.
Regular cleaning with a soft, dry cloth is recommended. A specialized polishing cloth can be used to restore shine, but over-polishing should be avoided to preserve the stone’s natural character. Proper storage in a dedicated pouch or jewelry box will help protect Turquoise from scratches and damage.
Turquoise in Jewelry
Turquoise’s versatility makes it a popular choice for a wide range of jewelry designs. It is frequently used in earrings, necklaces, bracelets, and rings. The stone’s unique character lends itself well to both contemporary and traditional styles.
Turquoise jewelry can range from simple, minimalist designs to elaborate pieces incorporating diamonds and other gemstones. Sterling silver is a common metal pairing for Turquoise, enhancing its natural beauty. The stone’s appeal extends to both men and women, with options ranging from beaded bracelets to sophisticated pendants.
December Birthstone Options
While Turquoise is the most widely recognized December birthstone, individuals born in December also have the option of choosing Tanzanite or Blue Zircon. Tanzanite, added to the birthstone list in 1952, is known for its deep blue tones. Blue Zircon, often confused with cubic zirconia, offers a unique and radiant blue hue. The availability of three birthstones allows for a personalized selection based on individual preferences and style.
Selecting Turquoise Jewelry
When selecting Turquoise jewelry, it is important to consider the quality of the stone and the craftsmanship of the piece. Look for vibrant, consistent color and interesting matrix patterns. Examine the setting to ensure it is secure and well-made.
Whether choosing a pair of turquoise earrings, a statement necklace, or a delicate pendant, the key is to find a piece that resonates with your personal style and embodies the stone’s inherent beauty and symbolism.
Conclusion
Turquoise stands as a testament to the enduring power of gemstones to captivate and inspire. Its rich history, unique geological formation, and symbolic significance have cemented its place as a treasured gem for millennia. As a December birthstone, Turquoise offers a connection to ancient traditions, a sense of tranquility, and a reminder of the beauty that can be found in the natural world. Its versatility in jewelry design ensures its continued popularity for generations to come.