December is a unique month in the world of gemstones, distinguished by having not one, but four official birthstones: Blue Topaz, Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Zircon. Each gem possesses a distinct color, history, and symbolic meaning, making December an extraordinary month for gemstone enthusiasts. This article delves into the origins, properties, and significance of each of these December birthstones, offering a comprehensive overview for those interested in their beauty and lore.
A History of Changing Traditions
The designation of birthstones has evolved over time. Early birthstone lists, inspired by Biblical texts, initially assigned ruby as the stone for December. However, the modern list has undergone several revisions. By 1870, Turquoise was recognized as a December birthstone by Tiffany & Co. In 1912, the National Association of Jewellers listed Turquoise as primary, with lapis lazuli as an alternative. Zircon was added to the list in 1952, and Tanzanite was the most recent addition in 2002. This evolution reflects changing tastes, discoveries of new gemstones, and the influence of gemological societies and jewelry trade organizations. The consistent presence of Turquoise throughout many iterations suggests its enduring significance as a December birthstone.
The Four Birthstones in Detail
Turquoise: A Stone of Protection and Peace
Turquoise, perhaps the most widely recognized December birthstone, boasts a long and rich history. Its name originates from the French phrase “pierre tourques,” meaning “Turkish stone,” reflecting its historical trade route through Turkey. Ancient civilizations, including the Egyptians, who adorned King Tut’s burial mask with it, and Asian cultures, prized Turquoise for its beauty and perceived protective qualities. Native American cultures, particularly those in the southwestern United States, have long incorporated Turquoise into their jewelry and ceremonies, attributing to it symbolic, mystical, and ceremonial importance.
Turquoise is associated with friendship, good fortune, health, protection, and peace, making it a thoughtful and meaningful gift. It is mined in the southwestern United States (Arizona and Nevada), Iran (where Persian turquoise is highly regarded), and China.
Blue Zircon: Ancient Wisdom and Prosperity
Blue Zircon, often overshadowed by its synthetic counterpart cubic zirconia, is a gemstone with ancient origins. It symbolizes wisdom and prosperity. While not as commonly featured in modern jewelry as some other gems, it remains a bold and beautiful option for those celebrating a December birthday. Zircon is sourced from Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Myanmar, and Australia.
Tanzanite: A Modern Gem of Transformation
Tanzanite is a relatively recent discovery, added to the birthstone list in 1952. Found exclusively in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro, this gemstone is known for its deep blue tones and shimmering violet hues. Tanzanite is associated with transformation and spiritual awareness, making it a fitting choice for special-occasion jewelry, such as engagement or anniversary rings. Its unique coloring and rarity contribute to its appeal.
Blue Topaz: Clarity and Communication
Blue Topaz is a popular modern choice for a December birthstone. It is valued for its saturated, lustrous color and relative affordability. With a Mohs hardness of 8, Blue Topaz is a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear, including rings and bracelets. Major sources of Blue Topaz include Brazil, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, and China, with Brazil being the largest producer. It is often associated with clear communication.
Gemological Properties and Durability
Each December birthstone possesses unique gemological properties. Blue Topaz stands out for its durability, with a high scratch resistance level. Turquoise, however, is relatively softer and requires more careful handling. Tanzanite and Zircon fall in between in terms of hardness.
Here's a comparative overview:
| Gemstone | Hardness (Mohs Scale) | Primary Sources |
|---|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | 8 | Brazil, Nigeria, Sri Lanka |
| Turquoise | 5-6 | USA, Iran, China |
| Tanzanite | 6-7 | Tanzania |
| Blue Zircon | 6.5-7.5 | Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Myanmar, Australia |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Beyond their aesthetic appeal, December birthstones are imbued with symbolic meaning. Turquoise has long been associated with protection, healing, and good fortune. Zircon symbolizes wisdom and prosperity. Tanzanite is believed to promote transformation and spiritual awareness. Blue Topaz is linked to clear communication and emotional stability. These associations contribute to the gemstones’ enduring popularity and make them meaningful gifts for those born in December.
Care and Maintenance
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and durability of December birthstones. Blue Topaz, being relatively hard, can withstand daily wear. However, Turquoise is more porous and susceptible to damage from chemicals and impacts. Tanzanite and Zircon require gentle cleaning with mild soap and warm water. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as these can damage the gemstones. Regular cleaning and careful handling will ensure that these gems retain their luster for years to come.
Choosing the Right December Birthstone
With four distinct options available, choosing the right December birthstone is a personal decision. Those seeking durability and affordability may opt for Blue Topaz. Individuals drawn to ancient traditions and protective energies might choose Turquoise. Those seeking a unique and transformative gemstone may prefer Tanzanite. And those valuing wisdom and prosperity might select Blue Zircon. Ultimately, the best December birthstone is the one that resonates most with the individual’s personality and aesthetic preferences.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Blue Topaz, Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Zircon – represent a diverse and fascinating collection of gemstones. From the ancient lore of Turquoise to the modern allure of Tanzanite, each stone offers a unique blend of beauty, history, and symbolism. Understanding their origins, properties, and meanings allows for a deeper appreciation of these gems and their significance to those born in the final month of the year. The variety offered by December’s birthstones ensures that there is a perfect gem to celebrate every individual’s unique journey.