December is unique among the months, boasting not one, but four recognized birthstones: blue zircon, blue topaz, tanzanite, and turquoise. Each of these gemstones offers a distinct shade of blue, mirroring the cool tones of the winter season and providing a diverse range of options for those born in December. While turquoise holds the longest history as a traditional choice, the more recently discovered tanzanite, alongside blue zircon and topaz, offer compelling alternatives, each imbued with its own symbolism and appeal. This article will delve into the history, geological origins, gemological properties, and cultural significance of these four December birthstones.
A History of December’s Gems
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back to ancient times, evolving through medieval practices and culminating in the standardized birthstone lists of the 20th century. The practice of wearing birthstones is not a recent fashion trend, but rather a custom rooted in ancient medieval times. Initially, turquoise and zircon were considered the primary birthstones for December, both offering variations of blue that resonated with the winter months. The addition of topaz and, more recently, tanzanite, expanded the choices available, reflecting evolving tastes and discoveries.
Turquoise, in particular, has a long and storied past, cherished by ancient cultures for its spiritual and healing qualities. The American National Retail Jewelers Association established the official birthstone list in 1912, solidifying these associations and providing a standardized reference for jewelers and consumers alike. Today, individuals often choose from both traditional and modern lists, selecting the stones that resonate most with them personally.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are geographically diverse, reflecting their unique geological formation processes. Turquoise forms in relatively shallow deposits, often near copper mines, in arid regions. Zircon, one of the oldest minerals on Earth, is found in a variety of igneous and metamorphic rocks. Blue topaz is often created through irradiation of colorless topaz, though natural blue topaz does occur. Tanzanite, however, is exceptionally rare, found in only one location near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania.
The limited source of tanzanite contributes to its value and desirability. Zircon’s widespread presence in the Earth’s crust explains its relative abundance, while turquoise’s formation in specific geological environments dictates its sourcing locations. The diverse origins of these stones contribute to their individual characteristics and appeal.
Gemological Properties
Each of the December birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties that contribute to its unique appearance and value.
Blue Zircon: Celebrated for its brilliant fire and range of colors, zircon is a durable gemstone.
Blue Topaz: Known for its calm, serene colors and icy blue clarity, blue topaz is a popular and readily available choice. It is often created through irradiation, enhancing its blue hue.
Tanzanite: Highly prized for its unique blue to violet color, tanzanite is a relatively soft gemstone, requiring careful handling. Its pleochroism – displaying different colors when viewed from different angles – adds to its allure.
Turquoise: Characterized by its soft, sky-blue glow with earthy charm, turquoise is an opaque gemstone often containing matrix (veins of other minerals) that contribute to its unique patterns.
A comparative overview of key properties is presented below:
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Hardness (Mohs) | Transparency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Zircon | Blue, Golden, Red | 6.5 - 7.5 | Transparent |
| Blue Topaz | Blue | 8 | Transparent |
| Tanzanite | Blue-Violet | 6 - 7 | Transparent |
| Turquoise | Sky Blue, Greenish | 5 - 6 | Opaque |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these gemstones has been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise has long been considered a protective stone, believed to bring good fortune and ward off negative energy. Zircon is associated with wisdom, prosperity, and honor. Blue topaz is thought to promote communication, clarity of thought, and emotional stability. Tanzanite, a more recent addition to the birthstone list, is believed to enhance intuition, spiritual awareness, and transformation.
These beliefs, while not scientifically proven, contribute to the enduring appeal of these gemstones and their significance as personal talismans. The vibrant colors of the stones themselves are often linked to feelings of peace, tranquility, and inspiration, further enhancing their symbolic value.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of these December birthstones. Blue topaz, with its higher hardness, is relatively durable and can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. Tanzanite, being softer, requires more gentle handling. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, opting instead for mild soap and water. Turquoise is porous and sensitive to chemicals, so cleaning should be limited to a soft, damp cloth. Zircon, while durable, can be brittle and should be protected from sharp impacts.
Regular cleaning and careful storage will help preserve the brilliance and vibrancy of these gemstones for generations to come. It is advisable to remove jewelry containing these stones before engaging in strenuous activities or exposing them to harsh chemicals.
The Expanding List and Modern Choices
The birthstone list has evolved over time, with additions like spinel, citrine, and tanzanite reflecting changing preferences and discoveries. The inclusion of multiple birthstones for December provides a wider range of choices, catering to different tastes and budgets. Some traditional gems, like turquoise, remain popular due to their affordability and accessibility, while others, like tanzanite, appeal to those seeking a more unique and rare gemstone.
The modern trend is to allow individuals to select the stone that resonates most with them, regardless of whether it is a traditional or modern choice. This flexibility reflects a growing appreciation for the individual beauty and significance of each gemstone.
December’s Diverse Offerings
December’s birthstones – blue zircon, blue topaz, tanzanite, and turquoise – represent a diverse palette of blues, each with its own unique history, geological origin, and symbolic meaning. From the ancient traditions surrounding turquoise to the recent discovery of tanzanite, these gemstones offer a captivating glimpse into the world of gemology and the enduring allure of colored stones. Whether chosen for their beauty, their metaphysical properties, or their personal significance, these December birthstones are sure to be cherished for years to come.
Conclusion
The four birthstones associated with December – blue zircon, blue topaz, tanzanite, and turquoise – offer a remarkable spectrum of color, history, and meaning. From the ancient origins of turquoise to the modern appeal of tanzanite, these gemstones represent a rich tapestry of geological processes, cultural beliefs, and personal preferences. The diversity of choices available to those born in December reflects the enduring fascination with gemstones and their ability to capture the imagination and inspire a sense of wonder.