December boasts a remarkable selection of birthstones – tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon – each offering a unique shade of blue and a rich history. These gemstones have captivated cultures for millennia, believed to bestow health, fortune, and protection upon their wearers. This article delves into the origins, properties, symbolism, and care of these three December birthstones, providing a comprehensive overview for enthusiasts and those seeking to understand their significance.
History and Lore
Turquoise holds the longest documented history of the three, with evidence of its use dating back thousands of years. Ancient Egyptians adorned themselves with turquoise, and it was found within the tombs of rulers, signifying its importance in their culture. Chinese artisans were carving turquoise over 3,000 years ago, demonstrating its early appeal across continents. From the 13th century onward, Europeans believed turquoise protected against falls, particularly from horses, and would even fracture to warn of impending disaster. Hindu traditions linked turquoise to wealth and good fortune when viewed after a new moon.
Zircon’s history is equally intriguing, with its name potentially originating from either the Arabic word “zarkun” meaning cinnabar or vermilion, or the Persian word “zargun,” meaning gold colored. This reflects the gemstone’s diverse color range. During the Middle Ages, zircon was thought to induce sleep and ward off evil spirits. In Hindu belief systems, zircon, alongside hessonite garnet, forms part of the navaratna – nine gems believed to protect the wearer and bring wealth, wisdom, and good health. Victorian-era jewelry frequently featured blue zircon, particularly in estate pieces from the 1880s.
Tanzanite, in contrast, is a relatively recent discovery. Initially named “Blue Zoisite,” it was later renamed Tanzanite in honor of its country of origin, Tanzania. Its emergence as a birthstone is a more modern development, though its captivating color quickly established its place among December’s gems.
Geological Formation and Sources
Turquoise is a semi-translucent to opaque gem, often exhibiting veins of matrix – remnants of the rock in which it formed. Its color ranges from blue to green. The sources for turquoise are not explicitly detailed in the provided materials.
Zircon displays a broad color palette, including red, orange, yellow, brown, green, and blue. Colorless zircon is particularly prized for its brilliance and “fire,” often mistaken for diamond. The sources for zircon are not explicitly detailed in the provided materials.
Tanzanite is known for its deep blue-violet hue, though it can also display shades of blue, violet, and red depending on the viewing angle – a phenomenon known as pleochroism. It is exclusively found in Tanzania, making it a geographically unique gemstone.
Gemological Properties
The provided sources do not offer detailed gemological properties such as chemical formulas, refractive indices, or specific gravity for any of the three gemstones. However, some characteristics are noted.
Turquoise is described as semi-translucent to opaque and can be waxy to the touch, with a glassy or dull appearance. Its color can vary from green to greenish-yellow to robin egg blue and sky blue, sometimes featuring brown or black veins.
Zircon is noted for its brilliance and “fire,” particularly in colorless varieties. It comes in a wide range of colors.
Tanzanite is valued for its rich blue color and its pleochroism, displaying different colors when viewed from different angles. It is known for its exceptional beauty and brilliance.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Turquoise has long been associated with positive energy, health, and fortune. It was considered a talisman for protection and was believed to promote happiness, peace, and spirituality.
Zircon was believed to lull one into a deep sleep and ward off evil spirits. Within the Hindu tradition, it contributes to wealth, wisdom, and good health as part of the navaratna.
Tanzanite is believed to possess high-vibration healing energy and is considered a manifestation magnet, guiding individuals toward wisdom and consciousness. It is also associated with spiritual awareness and is a popular gift for 24th wedding anniversaries.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources offer specific care instructions only for tanzanite. Warm, soapy water is recommended for cleaning this December birthstone. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners should never be used, as they can damage the gem. The sources do not provide specific cleaning instructions for turquoise or zircon.
Notable Examples
The sources mention the “Queen of Kilimanjaro,” a remarkable 242-carat tanzanite set in a king cobra-inspired design, adorned with tsavorite garnets and diamonds. This piece exemplifies the exceptional beauty and rarity of this gemstone.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – tanzanite, turquoise, and zircon – represent a captivating blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. From the ancient protective powers attributed to turquoise and zircon to the modern spiritual significance of tanzanite, these gemstones continue to resonate with individuals seeking meaning and connection. While detailed gemological data is limited within the provided sources, the historical and cultural significance of these blue gems is abundantly clear, making them cherished treasures for those born in the final month of the year.