December is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but four recognized birthstones: blue topaz, blue zircon, tanzanite, and turquoise. Each of these gemstones offers a distinct hue and a rich history, providing those born in December with a diverse selection to choose from. This article will delve into the origins, properties, and significance of these captivating blue gems, exploring their journey from ancient lore to modern jewelry.
A History of December’s Gems
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with each month dates back to ancient times, though the specific stones assigned have evolved over the years. Early traditions often favored turquoise and lapis lazuli as the primary December birthstones, reflecting their historical significance and availability. However, with the expansion of the gemstone market and increased consumer demand, blue zircon, blue topaz, and, more recently, tanzanite were added to the list, offering a wider range of options. The practice of wearing birthstones isn’t a recent trend; its roots are deeply embedded in medieval times, where gems were believed to bestow blessings upon their wearers.
Blue Topaz: A Modern Favorite
Blue topaz has emerged as a particularly popular choice for December birthstone jewelry. While topaz occurs in a variety of colors, the blue shades are most closely associated with the month. It’s important to note that naturally occurring blue topaz is relatively rare. The majority of the blue topaz available today is created through irradiation of colorless topaz, a process that enhances its vivid blue coloration.
Different intensities of blue topaz are recognized, each with its own appeal. London Blue topaz features a deep, inky blue, prized by collectors for its rich hue. Swiss Blue topaz displays a vibrant, medium-light blue, while Sky Blue topaz offers a lighter, more aqua-like shade. Topaz, with the chemical formula Al2SiO4(F,OH)4, is a silicate mineral composed of aluminum and fluorine. Despite its hardness, it possesses strong cleavage, making it somewhat delicate and requiring careful handling. The name "topaz" itself is believed to originate from the Sanskrit word "tapas," meaning fire, reflecting its historical association with strength and protection.
Blue topaz symbolizes honesty, openness, and communication, and is often associated with promoting inner peace and truth. It is found globally in locations such as Brazil, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Russia, with deposits also present in the United States, specifically in Utah and Texas.
Blue Zircon: The Sparkling Substitute
Blue zircon, often confused with cubic zirconia, is a natural gemstone renowned for its exceptional fire and brilliance. In fact, it was a favored substitute for diamonds during the Middle Ages, particularly the blue variety. The blue zircon birthstone typically exhibits light to medium blue hues, often displaying flashes of teal and seafoam. A unique characteristic of zircon is its double refraction, which splits light into two beams, creating a fiery sparkle unlike that of many other gemstones.
Tanzanite: A Recent Discovery
Tanzanite is a relatively recent addition to the list of December birthstones, discovered in Tanzania in the 1960s. Its captivating violet-blue hues quickly gained popularity, establishing it as a sought-after gemstone.
Turquoise: An Ancient Treasure
Turquoise, one of the oldest known birthstones, holds a significant place in history and culture. Revered for centuries across various cultures, it is often considered a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune. Its captivating blue-green hues bring a sense of tranquility and positive energy.
Gemological Properties at a Glance
While a comprehensive gemological comparison requires data not provided in the sources, a basic overview can be presented.
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | Al2SiO4(F,OH)4 | 8 | Shades of Blue |
| Blue Zircon | ZrSiO4 | 6.5-7.5 | Light to Medium Blue |
| Tanzanite | Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) | 6-7 | Violet-Blue |
| Turquoise | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O | 5-6 | Blue-Green |
(Note: Hardness values are approximate and can vary based on specific gem quality.)
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of December’s birthstones carries its own symbolic weight. Blue topaz is believed to encourage honesty and open communication, fostering inner peace and truth. Blue zircon is associated with wisdom and prosperity. Turquoise, with its long history of cultural significance, is often seen as a protective talisman, bringing good fortune and warding off negative energy. While specific metaphysical beliefs vary, all four stones are thought to possess properties that enhance well-being and promote positive energy.
Care and Cleaning
The care required for each December birthstone varies based on its hardness and other properties. Topaz, with its relatively high hardness, is durable but can be cleaved, so it should be protected from sharp blows. Zircon, being somewhat softer, requires more careful handling. Turquoise, being a relatively soft and porous stone, is susceptible to damage from chemicals and should be cleaned gently with a soft cloth and mild soap. Tanzanite is also relatively soft and can be damaged by heat or ultrasonic cleaners. Generally, it is advisable to avoid harsh chemicals and abrasive cleaners when cleaning any gemstone.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – blue topaz, blue zircon, tanzanite, and turquoise – represent a captivating spectrum of blue hues and a rich tapestry of history and symbolism. From the modern appeal of blue topaz to the ancient allure of turquoise, each gemstone offers a unique connection to the month of December and provides a meaningful choice for those seeking a personal and beautiful adornment. The diversity of these stones ensures that every December-born individual can find a gem that resonates with their individual style and beliefs.