December boasts a remarkably diverse selection of birthstones, reflecting centuries of evolving traditions and cultural influences. While ruby and bloodstone historically held prominence as December’s gems, the modern list includes turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite, offering a spectrum of colors and meanings for those born in the final month of the year. This variety allows individuals to select a gemstone that resonates with their personal preferences and style.
History and Lore
The designation of birthstones has a long and complex history, shifting over time due to factors such as gemstone availability, cultural trends, and standardization efforts. For much of history, ruby and bloodstone were the primary gemstones associated with December. Sources indicate that ruby was linked to the month in ancient times, while bloodstone maintained its association from the twelfth century through the twentieth century. The United States officially designated lapis lazuli and turquoise as December birthstones in 1912, a choice that differed from European traditions. In 2013, England recognized turquoise and tanzanite as the December gems. Today, the American Gem Trade Association and Jewelers of America acknowledge turquoise, blue zircon, and tanzanite as the stones for December.
The changes in birthstone assignments demonstrate a dynamic process, driven by a desire to ensure that birthstones remained accessible and appealing to a broad audience. The modern list, created in the 20th century, streamlined these assignments and introduced multiple options for each month, acknowledging individual tastes and budgetary considerations. Notably, the list continues to evolve, with spinel being added as an alternative for August in 2016.
Geological Formation and Sources
The provided sources do not detail the geological formation of these gemstones, nor do they specify precise mining locations beyond mentioning Tanzania as the source of tanzanite. However, the inclusion of these stones across various historical periods suggests their availability through established trade routes. Bloodstone, for example, was a traditional December birthstone for centuries, indicating consistent sourcing. Turquoise, with its ancient association with shamans, implies a long history of mining and trade, though specific locations are not detailed in the provided materials.
Gemological Properties
The sources offer limited detailed gemological data, but some properties are noted. Blue topaz, a December birthstone, possesses a Mohs hardness of 8, indicating good resistance to scratching. Bloodstone is not assigned a Mohs hardness in the provided sources. Tanzanite, with a hardness of 7 on the Mohs scale, is also relatively scratch-resistant. Zircon, which replaced lapis lazuli as a recognized December birthstone after 1952, is noted to come in a variety of colors, with blue zircon being the most commonly associated with the month. Blue topaz itself comes in varying shades, including sky blue, Swiss blue, and London blue.
The sources do not provide information on the chemical composition, refractive index, or clarity characteristics of these gemstones.
The following table summarizes the limited gemological data available from the sources:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness | Color(s) |
|---|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | 8 | Bright blue, sky blue, Swiss blue, London blue |
| Tanzanite | 7 | Deep indigo |
| Zircon | N/A | Variety of colors, primarily blue |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of December’s birthstones carries its own unique symbolism and metaphysical properties. Ruby, historically associated with the month, is believed to sharpen the mind, improve concentration, and encourage courtly love. Bloodstone is a stone of courage, renewing energy and grounding one’s sense of vigor. Turquoise, revered by ancient shamans, is considered a talisman of protection, prosperity, and luck, and is particularly beneficial for those born under the Sagittarius zodiac sign.
Blue topaz is thought to soothe and calm the mind and soul, promoting good communication and restful sleep. It was historically used to cool hot-tempered individuals or those suffering from fever. Lapis lazuli, a former December birthstone, is a stone of self-mastery and protection, clearing the mind and bringing peace and stress relief. Zircon is believed to encourage joy and emotional balance. Tanzanite, a more recent addition to the December birthstone list, is a protective and soothing stone that facilitates the sharing of spiritual information. Chrysoprase, an old Russian birthstone for December, is thought to bring good fortune and mend broken hearts. Onyx, the Tibetan birthstone for December, offers self-mastery and protective energy, encouraging happiness and good fortune.
Care and Cleaning
The sources offer limited guidance on gemstone care. A general recommendation is provided to bathe crystals in full moonlight regularly to energize them. Cleansing can be achieved by placing them on selenite or moving them through sage smoke. It is also advised to honor jewelry by removing it daily, allowing it to rest. The source notes that all gemstones are unique and variations in color and inclusions are natural and to be expected.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – bloodstone, ruby, turquoise, zircon, and tanzanite – represent a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and geological origins. From ancient associations with courage and love to modern beliefs in protection and spiritual connection, these gemstones offer a diverse range of meanings for those born in the final month of the year. The evolution of the December birthstone list reflects changing cultural preferences and a desire to provide accessible and appealing options for all. While the provided sources offer a glimpse into the significance of these gems, further research into their geological properties and historical contexts would provide a more comprehensive understanding of their enduring appeal.