December is a unique month in the world of birthstones, celebrated with not one, but four distinct gemstones: turquoise, blue zircon, blue topaz, and tanzanite. These gems, each possessing unique qualities and a rich history, offer a diverse range of options for those born in the final month of the year. From ancient protective talismans to symbols of prosperity and wisdom, December’s birthstones have captivated cultures for millennia. This article will delve into the history, properties, and symbolism of each of these enchanting gems.
A History of Shifting Associations
The association of specific gemstones with December has evolved over time. Historically, ruby, chrysoprase, onyx, and bloodstone were also linked to the month, reflecting varying cultural traditions. Ruby, for instance, was associated with December in ancient times, believed to sharpen the mind and encourage courtly love. Chrysoprase, the old Russian birthstone for December, was thought to bring good fortune and mend broken hearts. Onyx, revered in Tibet, offered self-mastery and protective energy, while bloodstone was a traditional stone of courage and renewed vigor. However, by the mid-20th century, a shift occurred. Zircon replaced lapis lazuli as a recognized December birthstone in 1952, and in 2002, tanzanite was officially added to the list in the United States. Turquoise has remained a consistently recognized December birthstone for thousands of years.
Turquoise: A Stone of Protection and Ancient Legacy
Perhaps the most widely recognized December birthstone, turquoise boasts a history stretching back thousands of years. Ancient shamans valued this gem as a talisman of protection, prosperity, and luck. Its use is documented in numerous ancient civilizations, including Egypt, where pharaohs and rulers adorned themselves with turquoise jewelry – King Tut was even found buried with pieces of this stone. Chinese artists also carved turquoise into masterpieces more than 3,000 years ago.
Turquoise is found in several locations, including Iran, China, New Mexico, and Arizona. The gem typically ranges in color from blue to green and is often characterized by unique veins of matrix, remnants of the rock in which it formed. This matrix makes each piece of turquoise jewelry unique and highly prized. Turquoise can be semi-translucent to opaque.
Blue Zircon: A Gem of Wisdom and Prosperity
Blue zircon, one of the oldest minerals on Earth, dating back over 4 billion years, is a compelling December birthstone. In the Middle Ages, it was believed to aid in restful sleep and bring prosperity and wisdom. While often confused with synthetic cubic zirconia due to the similarity in name, blue zircon is a naturally occurring gemstone. It occurs in a variety of colors – red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and brown – with the blue hue achieved through heat treatment.
Blue Topaz: Clarity, Focus, and Emotional Attachment
Blue topaz has been known and loved since ancient times, with mentions in texts dating back to the Roman Empire. It was valued for its protective and healing properties. This silicate mineral of aluminum and fluorine is renowned for its hardness and brilliant blue color, which ranges from pale to deep sky blue. Beyond its aesthetic appeal, blue topaz is believed to enhance mental clarity and promote focus, making it an ideal stone for meditation and calming nerves. It symbolizes honesty, clarity of feelings, and deep emotional attachment. Topaz is not limited to blue, and can also be found in yellow, pink, purple, and colorless forms.
Tanzanite: A Modern Gem of Spiritual Connection
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, officially recognized in the United States in 2002. This relatively recent discovery is a highly protective and soothing stone, believed to help individuals share spiritual information from their hearts with calm and clarity. With its deep blue tones, tanzanite is a wonderful choice for those seeking a December birthstone with a modern appeal.
Gemological Properties: A Comparative Overview
While each birthstone possesses unique characteristics, understanding their basic gemological properties provides valuable insight.
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Color(s) | Hardness (Mohs) | Transparency |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Copper Aluminum Phosphate | Blue to Green | 5-6 | Opaque |
| Blue Zircon | Zirconium Silicate | Blue | 6.5-7.5 | Transparent to Opaque |
| Blue Topaz | Aluminum Fluorosilicate | Pale to Deep Blue | 8 | Transparent |
| Tanzanite | Calcium Aluminum Silicate | Deep Blue | 6.5-7 | Transparent |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each December birthstone carries its own unique symbolism and metaphysical properties. Turquoise is associated with protection, healing, and good fortune. Blue zircon is believed to encourage joy and emotional balance. Blue topaz promotes clarity, focus, and emotional attachment. Tanzanite fosters spiritual connection and calm communication. Chrysoprase, a historical December birthstone, is thought to bring good fortune and mend broken hearts, while onyx offers self-mastery and protective energy, and bloodstone provides courage and renewed vigor.
Caring for Your December Birthstone
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of December birthstones. Given their varying hardness levels, different stones require different approaches. Topaz, with a Mohs hardness of 8, is relatively durable and can withstand regular wear. Turquoise, being softer (5-6), is more susceptible to scratches and should be handled with care. Zircon (6.5-7.5) and Tanzanite (6.5-7) require similar gentle handling. Regular cleansing with a soft cloth and mild soap is recommended for all gemstones. It is also suggested to bathe crystals in full moonlight regularly to energize them, and cleanse them by placing them on selenite or moving them through sage smoke. Removing jewelry daily to allow it to rest is also advised.
December Birthstone Jewelry: A Gift of Thoughtfulness
Selecting December birthstone jewelry is a thoughtful way to celebrate a loved one’s birthday. The possibilities are endless, ranging from classic turquoise beaded bracelets and Tanzanite and diamond pendants to elegant blue zircon earrings and sophisticated topaz rings. For men, options include turquoise pocket knives or beaded bracelets. The key is to choose a piece that reflects the recipient’s personal style and resonates with the symbolism of the chosen gemstone.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – turquoise, blue zircon, blue topaz, and tanzanite – represent a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and geological wonder. Each gem offers a unique beauty and a connection to ancient traditions and modern beliefs. Whether seeking protection, clarity, spiritual connection, or simply a stunning piece of jewelry, the birthstones of December provide a diverse and enchanting selection for those born in this special month.