December is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but four recognized birthstones: blue topaz, turquoise, blue zircon, and tanzanite. These gemstones, while sharing a common association with the color blue, each possess distinct histories, geological origins, and symbolic meanings. This article will delve into the characteristics of each of these December birthstones, exploring their significance and enduring appeal.
A Quartet of Blue Hues
Unlike months traditionally linked to a single gemstone, December offers a spectrum of choices. The popularity of multiple birthstones for December stems from a historical evolution in gemological traditions, as well as the desire to provide a wider range of options to suit different preferences and budgets. All four stones—blue topaz, turquoise, blue zircon, and tanzanite—are celebrated for their beautiful blue shades, mirroring the cool tones of the winter season.
History and Lore
The historical usage of these gemstones varies considerably. Turquoise, arguably the oldest of the December birthstones in terms of cultural significance, has been cherished for millennia. Ancient Egyptians adorned themselves with turquoise, and Chinese artisans were carving it over 3,000 years ago. It was believed to possess protective powers, guaranteeing health and good fortune, and even safeguarding against physical harm, such as falls from horses. Hindu mystics associated turquoise with wealth and prosperity when viewed after a new moon.
Blue zircon and blue topaz have a more varied history, often appearing in jewelry throughout different eras, valued for their beauty and perceived metaphysical properties. While specific historical anecdotes are less detailed in available sources, their consistent presence in jewelry suggests a long-standing appreciation.
Tanzanite, however, has a relatively recent history. Discovered only recently, it was initially named ‘Blue Zoisite’ before being renamed Tanzanite in honor of its country of origin, Tanzania. Its emergence as a birthstone is a testament to its captivating color and increasing popularity in the gem market.
Geological Formation and Sources
The geological origins of these gemstones are diverse, reflecting their unique compositions and formation processes. Turquoise is a semi-translucent to opaque gem, often exhibiting veins of matrix—remnants of the rock in which it formed. Its formation typically occurs in arid regions, often near copper deposits.
Blue topaz is a variety of topaz, a silicate mineral containing aluminum and fluorine. It is formed in igneous rocks and is often found in alluvial deposits.
Blue zircon forms in metamorphic rocks and alluvial gravels. It is a zirconium silicate mineral.
Tanzanite, a calcium aluminum silicate, is found in the Merelani Hills of northern Tanzania, a geographically limited source that contributes to its relative rarity and value. The sources do not provide specific details on the geological processes involved in the formation of tanzanite beyond its location.
Gemological Properties
Each of these December birthstones possesses unique gemological properties that contribute to its distinct appearance and durability.
| Gemstone | Color(s) | Hardness (Mohs) | Transparency | Notable Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | Various shades of blue | 8 | Transparent | Excellent brilliance, relatively durable |
| Turquoise | Blue to green, often with matrix | 5-6 | Opaque | Veins of matrix, porous, requires careful care |
| Blue Zircon | Various shades of blue | 6.5-7.5 | Transparent | High dispersion (fire), can appear colorless |
| Tanzanite | Blue-violet | 6-7 | Transparent | Pleochroism (displays different colors from angles) |
Blue topaz is known for its excellent brilliance and relative durability, making it a popular choice for everyday jewelry. Turquoise, being softer and more porous, requires more careful handling and is often treated to enhance its color and stability. Blue zircon exhibits high dispersion, meaning it displays a remarkable “fire” – the scattering of light into spectral colors. Tanzanite is particularly notable for its pleochroism, a phenomenon where the gem displays different colors when viewed from different angles, showcasing shades of blue, violet, and red.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these gemstones have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise, as previously mentioned, was believed to offer protection and good fortune. Blue topaz is often associated with communication, clarity, and emotional balance. Blue zircon is thought to promote wisdom, honor, and prosperity. Tanzanite, a more modern birthstone, is often linked to transformation, intuition, and spiritual growth.
These symbolic associations contribute to the enduring appeal of these gemstones, making them meaningful gifts and personal adornments. The choice of a particular birthstone can be influenced by individual beliefs and preferences, allowing wearers to connect with the gem’s unique energy and symbolism.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of these December birthstones. Blue topaz is relatively durable and can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. Turquoise, being porous, is more susceptible to damage from chemicals and abrasives. It should be cleaned gently with a soft cloth and mild soap, avoiding harsh cleaners or ultrasonic cleaners. Blue zircon and tanzanite require similar gentle cleaning methods. Due to their potential for cleavage, avoid harsh impacts or sudden temperature changes. Professional cleaning is recommended for valuable pieces.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones—blue topaz, turquoise, blue zircon, and tanzanite—offer a captivating array of colors, histories, and meanings. From the ancient protective powers attributed to turquoise to the modern allure of tanzanite, these gemstones embody the beauty and spirit of December. Each stone possesses unique characteristics and symbolic associations, providing a diverse range of options for those seeking a meaningful and elegant birthstone. Their versatility allows them to shine in a variety of jewelry styles, making them timeless symbols of elegance and individuality. With proper care and appreciation for their origins, these gemstones will remain cherished treasures for generations to come.