December is a month celebrated with a remarkable array of birthstones – blue zircon, blue topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise – each possessing a unique history, aesthetic appeal, and symbolic significance. Unlike some months with a single designated gem, those born in December have a choice, reflecting the diverse and vibrant nature of the season and the rich tapestry of human tradition surrounding these stones. These gemstones are not merely beautiful adornments; they are tangible links to the past, imbued with cultural meaning and believed by many to possess inherent powers.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with months of the year dates back to ancient times, with roots in medieval practices and biblical references. These colored gems were believed to be blessed, offering benefits to those who wore them in rings, pendants, and other jewelry. The practice wasn’t a fleeting fashion but a deeply ingrained belief system spanning centuries. Lapis lazuli and turquoise hold a particularly long history as traditional December birthstones. Lapis lazuli, with its deep azure tones, was associated with wisdom and royalty in ancient civilizations, considered a stone of truth and enlightenment, enhancing intellectual abilities and stimulating a quest for knowledge. Turquoise, revered for centuries across various cultures, was often seen as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune.
Ancient Egyptians adorned themselves with turquoise, while Chinese artisans carved it over 3,000 years ago. The turquoise birthstone was thought to guarantee health and good fortune, and from the 13th century onward, it was believed to protect the wearer from falls, even breaking into pieces to warn of impending disaster. Hindu mystics believed that beholding turquoise after a new moon ensured wealth. While zircon and topaz have also been associated with December for some time, tanzanite is a more recent addition to the list of December birthstones, discovered relatively recently but quickly gaining popularity.
Geological Formation and Sources
The sources and geological formations of these December birthstones vary considerably. Turquoise, as its name suggests, is often found in shades of blue-green, dependent on the amount of copper it contains, and forms in relatively shallow deposits. Tanzanite, a spectacular blue-purple variety of zoisite, is found only in a limited geographic region of Tanzania, making it a relatively rare and prized gemstone. Zircon occurs in a variety of colors, with blue being the most popular for December, and is a naturally occurring gemstone, not to be confused with synthetic cubic zirconia. Topaz, while also found in various colors, is often associated with a rich blue hue for December births. Lapis lazuli is known for its deep azure tones and is formed in metamorphic rocks.
The provided sources do not detail specific mining locations beyond Tanzania for tanzanite, but the historical use of turquoise and lapis lazuli suggests ancient sources in Egypt and China, respectively.
Gemological Properties
The December birthstones exhibit a diverse range of gemological properties. Turquoise is a semi-translucent to opaque gem, often displaying veins of matrix, remnants of the rock in which it formed. It is relatively light and fragile. Tanzanite, a variety of zoisite, displays a bluish-purple hue. Zircon, a naturally occurring gemstone, comes in a variety of colors, with blue being favored for December. Topaz, also available in multiple colors, is known for its clarity and brilliance. Lapis lazuli is characterized by its deep blue color.
A comparative table of hardness, based on the Mohs scale (though not explicitly provided in the sources, this is standard gemological information and helps illustrate the differences), would be:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Turquoise | 5-6 |
| Zircon | 6.5-7.5 |
| Topaz | 8 |
| Tanzanite | 6-7 |
| Lapis Lazuli | 5-6 |
This table highlights the varying durability of the stones, with topaz being the most resistant to scratching and turquoise and lapis lazuli being the most delicate.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these December birthstones has been attributed with specific meanings and powers. Turquoise, as previously mentioned, was believed to offer protection and good fortune. Lapis lazuli was associated with wisdom, truth, and enlightenment, believed to enhance intellectual abilities. Zircon was thought to bring prosperity and ward off evil spirits. Topaz was believed to promote strength and intelligence. Tanzanite, being a more recent discovery, has accumulated more modern metaphysical associations, often linked to transformation and spiritual awareness.
The belief that these stones possess beneficial powers is deeply rooted in cultural traditions and continues to resonate with many today. They are seen as more than just aesthetic objects; they are conduits of energy and symbols of personal meaning.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and vibrancy of December birthstones. Given their varying hardness, different stones require different levels of attention. Turquoise and lapis lazuli, being relatively soft, are susceptible to scratches and should be handled with care. Avoid harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and abrasive materials when cleaning these stones. A soft cloth and mild soapy water are generally sufficient.
Zircon, topaz, and tanzanite are more durable but still require gentle cleaning. Avoid sudden temperature changes and harsh chemicals. Warm, soapy water and a soft brush can be used to remove dirt and grime. Regular cleaning will help preserve their brilliance and luster. Following these simple care instructions will ensure that December birthstones remain beautiful for years to come.
December Birthstone by Day
Interestingly, the provided sources indicate a specific birthstone assigned to each day of December. This adds another layer of personalization to the selection process:
- December 4th: Blue Topaz
- December 5th: Tanzanite
- December 6th: Turquoise
- December 7th: Blue Zircon
- December 8th: Blue Topaz
- December 9th: Tanzanite
- December 10th: Turquoise
- December 11th: Blue Zircon
- December 12th: Blue Topaz
- December 13th: Tanzanite
- December 14th: Turquoise
- December 15th: Blue Zircon
- December 16th: Blue Topaz
- December 17th: Tanzanite
- December 18th: Turquoise
- December 19th: Blue Zircon
- December 20th: Blue Topaz
- December 21st: Tanzanite
- December 22nd: Turquoise
- December 23rd: Blue Zircon
- December 24th: Blue Topaz
- December 25th: Tanzanite
- December 26th: Turquoise
- December 27th: Blue Zircon
- December 28th: Blue Topaz
- December 29th: Tanzanite
- December 30th: Turquoise
- December 31st: Blue Zircon
This daily assignment offers a unique way to connect with the birthstone tradition, allowing individuals to choose a gem that resonates with their specific birthdate within December.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones—zircon, topaz, tanzanite, lapis lazuli, and turquoise—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, December’s stones stand out with their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots, providing a distinct way to express individuality. Purchasing these gemstones requires careful research and consultation with experts to ensure quality and authenticity. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time. As fine jewelry, December’s birthstones are not only stylish but also connect wearers to historical and cultural narratives, enhancing both their aesthetic appeal and personal meaning.