December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones – Blue Topaz, Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Blue Zircon – offering a spectrum of blue shades to suit every preference. While many associate December with a single stone, this month is uniquely blessed with four official gemstones, each possessing its own distinct history, lore, and gemological properties. This article will delve into the origins, characteristics, and significance of these captivating December birthstones.
A Quartet of Blue
For those born in December, the choice isn’t limited to one gemstone. The tradition evolved to include multiple options, providing a wider range of colors and price points. Blue Topaz and Turquoise are frequently cited as the most popular, but Tanzanite and Blue Zircon are also recognized as official December birthstones. The unifying characteristic is, of course, the color blue, a hue that resonates with the winter season and symbolizes tranquility, wisdom, and inspiration.
History and Lore
Turquoise holds the longest history of the four, having been cherished for millennia. Ancient Egyptians adorned themselves with turquoise, and Chinese artisans were carving it over 3,000 years ago. The stone was believed to guarantee health and good fortune, and from the 13th century onward, it was thought to offer protection, even breaking into pieces when disaster loomed. Hindu mystics associated turquoise with wealth after beholding the new moon.
The histories of Blue Topaz, Tanzanite, and Blue Zircon are comparatively more recent in terms of widespread recognition as birthstones. Topaz, in general, has a long history, with its name derived from the Sanskrit word for “fire.” However, the popularity of blue topaz is largely due to modern irradiation techniques that enhance its color. Tanzanite is a 20th-century discovery, and Blue Zircon gained prominence as a December birthstone more recently.
Geological Formation and Sources
The sources for these gemstones are geographically diverse. Turquoise, as its name suggests, is often associated with the southwestern United States, though it is also found in Iran, Egypt, and other locations. Blue Topaz is sourced from various locations, and its blue color is often achieved through irradiation of naturally colorless topaz. Tanzanite is exclusively found in the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, making it a relatively rare gemstone. Blue Zircon is found in Cambodia, Sri Lanka, and other regions.
Gemological Properties
Each of these December birthstones possesses unique gemological properties.
Blue Topaz: This silicate mineral, composed of aluminum and fluorine, exhibits a glass-like luster and strong cleavage. It ranges in color from dark, inky blues (London Blue) to lighter, vibrant shades (Swiss Blue and Sky Blue). Its chemical formula is Al2SiO4(F,OH)4. While relatively hard, with a Mohs hardness of 8, its cleavage makes it somewhat delicate.
Turquoise: A semi-translucent to opaque gem, turquoise ranges in color from blue to green and often contains veins of matrix – remnants of the rock in which it formed. The presence of matrix is often considered desirable, adding to the stone’s character.
Tanzanite: Details regarding the gemological properties of Tanzanite are limited within the provided sources.
Blue Zircon: Details regarding the gemological properties of Blue Zircon are limited within the provided sources.
The following table summarizes the limited available data:
| Gemstone | Chemical Composition | Mohs Hardness | Color Range |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Topaz | Al2SiO4(F,OH)4 | 8 | Dark blue to light blue |
| Turquoise | (Not specified) | (Not specified) | Blue to green, often with matrix |
| Tanzanite | (Not specified) | (Not specified) | Bluish purple |
| Blue Zircon | (Not specified) | (Not specified) | Rainbow varieties, specifically blue |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, gemstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning. Turquoise, in ancient times, was believed to possess protective powers, safeguarding wearers from harm. The belief that it would break at the approach of disaster highlights its association with safety and foresight. While the sources do not detail specific metaphysical beliefs associated with Blue Topaz, Tanzanite, or Blue Zircon, the general association of blue with tranquility, wisdom, and inspiration likely extends to these stones as well.
Zodiac Connections
The sources indicate a connection between birthstones and zodiac signs. Topaz is the main Zodiac birthstone for Sagittarius (November 23 – December 21), while Turquoise is one of the secondary stones. Ruby is the primary birthstone for Capricorn (December 22 – January 20). This historical link between astrology and gemstones reflects an ancient belief in the influence of celestial bodies on earthly affairs.
Care and Cleaning
The durability of these gemstones varies. Blue Topaz, with a Mohs hardness of 8, is relatively durable but can be susceptible to damage due to its cleavage. Turquoise, being softer, requires more careful handling. The sources do not provide specific care instructions for Tanzanite or Blue Zircon, but general gemstone care guidelines – avoiding harsh chemicals, ultrasonic cleaners, and extreme temperatures – are advisable.
December Birthstone by Date
Interestingly, the provided sources include a list associating specific dates within December with different birthstones:
- December 4th: Blue Topaz
- December 5th: Tanzanite
- December 6th: Turquoise
- December 7th: Blue Zircon
- December 8th: Blue Topaz
- December 9th: Tanzanite
- December 10th: Turquoise
- December 11th: Blue Zircon
- December 12th: Blue Topaz
- December 13th: Tanzanite
- December 14th: Turquoise
- December 15th: Blue Zircon
- December 16th: Blue Topaz
- December 17th: Tanzanite
- December 18th: Turquoise
- December 19th: Blue Zircon
- December 20th: Blue Topaz
- December 21st: Tanzanite
- December 22nd: Turquoise
- December 23rd: Blue Zircon
- December 24th: Blue Topaz
- December 25th: Tanzanite
- December 26th: Turquoise
- December 27th: Blue Zircon
- December 28th: Blue Topaz
- December 29th: Tanzanite
- December 30th: Turquoise
- December 31st: Blue Zircon
This cyclical assignment adds a layer of personalization to the December birthstone selection.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – Blue Topaz, Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Blue Zircon – represent a captivating spectrum of blue hues and a rich tapestry of history and lore. From the ancient protective powers attributed to Turquoise to the modern appeal of irradiated Blue Topaz and the rarity of Tanzanite, each gemstone offers a unique connection to the month of December. The abundance of choice allows individuals born in December to select a stone that resonates with their personal style and preferences, embracing the beauty and symbolism of these remarkable gems.
Sources
- https://myratna.com/blog/december-birthstones/
- https://www.westernmontanaagingservices.org/news/happy-birthday-december-babies-2/
- https://www.gia.edu/birthstones/december-birthstones
- https://www.qevon.com/blogs/q-lifestyle/birthstones-by-month-colors-and-meaning
- https://www.gemsociety.org/article/december-birthstone/