December boasts a rich selection of birthstones, offering a spectrum of blue hues and unique geological origins. While blue is the dominant color associated with this month, individuals born in December can claim either turquoise, tanzanite, or zircon as their birthstone, with blue topaz also recognized as an alternative. Each gem carries its own history, symbolism, and gemological properties, making December a particularly diverse month for gemstone enthusiasts. This article will delve into the characteristics, historical significance, and metaphysical beliefs surrounding these captivating December birthstones.
History and Lore
Turquoise holds the longest documented history of the December birthstones, cherished for millennia across numerous cultures. Ancient Egyptians adorned themselves with turquoise, and Chinese artisans were carving the stone over 3,000 years ago. The gem was believed to guarantee health and good fortune, and from the 13th century onward, it was thought to offer protection, even warning of impending disaster by fracturing. In Hindu traditions, viewing turquoise after a new moon was believed to bring immense wealth.
Tanzanite, discovered much more recently, lacks the extensive historical background of turquoise. However, its relatively recent emergence has quickly established it as a highly sought-after gemstone.
Zircon, while also possessing a long history, has seen its lore evolve over time. Historically, it was believed to grant good luck, promote restful sleep, and provide protection. The Greek myth of Hyacinth is linked to zircon, symbolizing rebirth. Different colors of zircon have acquired specific meanings; white zircon represents purity, while yellow zircon is known as the “Stone of Prosperity.”
Geological Formation and Sources
Turquoise is a semi-translucent to opaque gem, typically blue to green in color, often exhibiting veins of matrix – remnants of the host rock in which it formed. The sources for turquoise are not detailed in the provided materials.
Tanzanite’s origins are more recent and geographically specific. The provided sources do not detail the geological formation of tanzanite.
Zircon displays a remarkable range of colors and can be found in various geological settings. The sources indicate that blue zircon is the most popular color, often achieved through heat treatment. Other colors include green (rare), yellow to orange (“gold” zircon), red, purple (caused by natural irradiation), and brown to black (the most common natural color). Radioactive elements within zircon can alter its structure and color over time, with “high zircon” being the most stable and commonly used in jewelry.
Gemological Properties
Evaluating the quality of turquoise, tanzanite, and zircon involves considering color, cut, clarity, carat weight, and treatments. Turquoise is uniquely graded based on its color, matrix, and texture, with dense textures exhibiting better polish luster. The most valuable turquoise displays a bright “robin’s egg” or “sky” blue color with even distribution.
Tanzanite’s value is tied to its vibrant purple to blue hues, with pure blue being the most prized. Bright purplish-blue and violet-blue are also highly sought after. Strong pleochroism, or color change, enhances its value.
Zircon’s color significantly impacts its price, with blue being the most popular and valuable. Vivid greens and reds are also considered valuable, while browns and reddish-browns are more common.
Here's a table summarizing key gemological properties, based on the provided sources:
| Gemstone | Color | Mohs Hardness | Notable Characteristics |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue to Green | Not specified | Often contains matrix; graded on color, matrix, texture |
| Tanzanite | Purple to Blue | Not specified | Pleochroism; known as “Stone of Transformation” |
| Zircon | Blue, Green, Yellow, Red, Purple, Brown | Not specified | Can change color over time; various trade names |
The sources do not provide information on the chemical composition, refractive index, or specific gravity of these gemstones.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Turquoise has long been associated with protection, spirituality, and good luck. Ancient cultures, including Persians, Apaches, and Aztecs, believed in its protective powers. Tibetan Buddhists incorporate turquoise into malas for spiritual practice. Crystal healers recommend it for treating inflammation, deflecting negativity, and fostering friendship.
Tanzanite’s symbolism centers around transformation and communication. It is believed to facilitate wise and compassionate communication, particularly in resolving relationship conflicts. It is often referred to as the “Stone of Transformation” and the “Stone of Magic.” Spiritually, tanzanite is linked to the third eye and crown chakras, enhancing intuition and spiritual awareness.
Zircon’s symbolism has evolved over time. Historically, it was believed to bring good luck and restful sleep. Today, it represents success, wisdom, and positivity. The myth of Hyacinth connects zircon to rebirth, and different colors carry specific meanings, such as purity for white zircon and prosperity for yellow zircon.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for these gemstones. However, given turquoise’s relatively softer composition, it would likely benefit from gentle cleaning with a soft cloth and mild soap. Zircon, with its potential for color change due to irradiation, may require careful handling and avoidance of prolonged exposure to sunlight. Tanzanite’s care requirements are not detailed in the provided materials.
Zodiac Connections
The sources indicate a connection between December birthstones and zodiac signs. Blue Topaz is the main Zodiac birthstone for Sagittarius (Nov 23 – Dec 21), with Turquoise as a secondary stone. Ruby is the primary birthstone for Capricorn (Dec 22 – Jan 20). The provided chart also lists birthstones for other zodiac signs, highlighting the historical practice of associating gemstones with astrological influences.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – turquoise, tanzanite, and zircon – offer a captivating array of colors, histories, and symbolic meanings. From the ancient protective powers attributed to turquoise to the transformative energy of tanzanite and the enduring symbolism of zircon, these gemstones provide a rich tapestry of options for those born in the final month of the year. While blue is the unifying color, each stone possesses unique qualities that make it a cherished and meaningful gem.