December boasts a trio of official birthstones – Turquoise, Tanzanite, and Blue Zircon – with Blue Topaz often considered an alternative. Among these, Tanzanite stands out as a relatively recent discovery, quickly gaining prominence for its captivating color and associated metaphysical properties. This article will explore the history, geological origins, gemological characteristics, symbolism, and care of Tanzanite, specifically focusing on its significance as a December birthstone.
History and Lore
Tanzanite is unique among birthstones for its recent introduction to the world. Discovered in the 1960s in northern Tanzania, it quickly captured the attention of gemologists and jewelry enthusiasts alike. Unlike ancient gems like Turquoise, Tanzanite lacks a long history of folklore and traditional use. However, its vibrant color and rarity have quickly imbued it with modern symbolism.
The gemstone’s name, bestowed by Tiffany & Co., is a tribute to its country of origin, Tanzania. The marketing efforts of Tiffany & Co. were instrumental in popularizing Tanzanite, positioning it as a desirable and sophisticated gemstone. While not steeped in ancient lore, Tanzanite has rapidly acquired associations with spiritual enlightenment, communication, and self-expression.
Geological Formation and Sources
Tanzanite’s geological story is as unique as its color. It is formed by the intense heat and pressure associated with the collision of tectonic plates, specifically within a relatively small area near the Mererani Hills of northern Tanzania. This specific geological environment is believed to be the only place on Earth where Tanzanite is found, making it a remarkably localized gemstone.
The gemstone is a variety of the mineral zoisite, and its blue-violet hue is attributed to the presence of vanadium. The formation process requires a precise combination of elements and geological conditions, explaining its rarity. The limited geographical source contributes significantly to its value and desirability.
Gemological Properties
Tanzanite exhibits a range of desirable gemological properties. Its color is its most defining characteristic, displaying shades of violet-blue, often with a pleochroic effect – meaning it can display different colors when viewed from different angles. This pleochroism typically shows hues of blue, violet, and burgundy.
While specific data like refractive index and chemical formula are not provided in the available sources, Tanzanite is known for its brilliance and clarity. It is a relatively hard gemstone, though not as hard as diamond or sapphire, making it suitable for a variety of jewelry settings. The sources do not provide a Mohs hardness scale comparison.
The sources indicate that Tanzanite is often heat-treated to enhance its color, intensifying the blue and violet tones. This treatment is a common practice in the gem trade and is generally considered stable, meaning the color enhancement is permanent.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Tanzanite is increasingly associated with a range of metaphysical properties. It is believed to promote spiritual enlightenment and awakening, opening the third eye and enhancing intuition. This association makes it a particularly meaningful birthstone for those born on December 16th, as noted in one source.
Beyond spiritual growth, Tanzanite is also thought to facilitate clear communication and self-expression. The gemstone’s vibrant blue hues are believed to stimulate the ability to articulate thoughts and emotions effectively, fostering stronger personal and professional relationships. It is also linked to transformation and positive change, assisting individuals in navigating life’s transitions.
December Birthstone Variations
December offers a selection of birthstones, each with its own unique appeal. Turquoise, one of the oldest known birthstones, symbolizes success, happiness, and prosperity. Blue Zircon, a sparkling gem often mistaken for diamond, represents hope, joy, and purity. Blue Topaz, a popular modern choice, embodies calmness, love, and clarity.
The choice of which December birthstone to embrace is a matter of personal preference. However, Tanzanite’s unique origin, captivating color, and modern symbolism make it a compelling option for those seeking a gemstone that reflects individuality and spiritual awareness.
Care and Cleaning
While Tanzanite is relatively durable, it requires careful handling and cleaning to maintain its brilliance. The sources do not provide specific details on its cleavage planes, but as a gemstone, it is susceptible to damage from harsh impacts. It is advisable to remove Tanzanite jewelry before engaging in strenuous activities.
Cleaning Tanzanite jewelry can be done with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid using ultrasonic cleaners or harsh chemicals, as these can damage the gemstone. After cleaning, rinse the jewelry thoroughly with clean water and dry it with a soft cloth. Regular cleaning will help preserve Tanzanite’s vibrant color and sparkle.
Turquoise: A Traditional Counterpoint
While Tanzanite is a more recent addition to the December birthstone family, Turquoise holds a significant place in history. Originating from ancient civilizations in Egypt, Persia, and the Americas, Turquoise has been prized for centuries for its striking blue-green color and perceived protective properties.
Turquoise is formed by groundwater containing copper seeping into bedrock, creating an opaque stone with unique matrix patterns. It is widely found in the Southwestern United States, particularly in Arizona, New Mexico, and Nevada. Native American cultures have long revered Turquoise for its spiritual and healing powers, incorporating it into jewelry, amulets, and ceremonial objects.
Blue Topaz: A Dazzling Alternative
Blue Topaz offers another appealing option for December birthdays. Known for its clear, sky-blue to deep London Blue shades, it symbolizes calmness, love, and clarity. While naturally occurring blue topaz is rare, most blue stones on the market are created by heat-treating colorless topaz. The name "topaz" is believed to derive from the Sanskrit word "tapas," meaning fire, historically associating the gem with strength and protection.
Blue Zircon: A Sparkling Choice
Blue Zircon, a beautiful blue gemstone used in jewelry for centuries, represents hope, joy, and purity. It is often confused with cubic zirconia, but is a natural gemstone with a unique brilliance.
Conclusion
Tanzanite, with its captivating violet-blue hues and relatively recent discovery, has quickly established itself as a significant December birthstone. Its unique geological origins, coupled with its association with spiritual enlightenment and clear communication, make it a gemstone of particular resonance for those born in December. While Turquoise, Blue Zircon, and Blue Topaz offer traditional and dazzling alternatives, Tanzanite’s rarity and modern symbolism continue to captivate gem enthusiasts and jewelry lovers worldwide. Its journey from a remote Tanzanian hillside to a globally recognized gemstone is a testament to its enduring beauty and allure.