December is unique among the calendar months, boasting not one, but four recognized birthstones: Tanzanite, Turquoise, Blue Zircon, and Blue Topaz. Each of these gemstones presents a distinct shade of blue, mirroring the cool tones of the winter season, and offers a unique appeal to those born within this month. While Turquoise holds the distinction as the most traditional choice, with a history spanning millennia, Tanzanite represents a more recent discovery, unearthed in Tanzania in 1967. These gemstones are associated with meanings such as wisdom, protection, and new beginnings, providing December-born individuals with a diverse selection to express their personal identity.
A Quartet of Blues: Historical Origins and Lore
The history of December’s birthstones is varied and fascinating. Turquoise, as its name suggests, arrived in Europe via Turkish trade routes in the 13th century, originating from the French expression “pierre tourques,” meaning “Turkish stone.” However, its story extends far beyond this relatively recent introduction to the West. Ancient Egyptians referred to turquoise as “mefkat,” signifying “joy” and “delight,” and mined the gem in the Sinai region as early as 5500 BCE, utilizing it in religious and cultural artifacts. For centuries, Persia (modern-day Iran) was considered the source of the most valuable turquoise, known even today as “Persian blue” regardless of its origin.
Zircon, while appearing in blue varieties popular as a December birthstone, has a broader history and comes in a range of colors including golden, red, and clear. Turquoise was officially named as a December birthstone by the American National Association of Jewelers in 1912.
Tanzanite, the newest addition to December’s birthstone family, has a comparatively brief history. Initially named ‘Blue Zoisite’ upon its discovery in Tanzania, it was later renamed ‘Tanzanite’ in honor of its country of origin.
Blue Topaz, though not always prominently listed among the traditional three, is a beloved choice for its clarity and calming energy.
Geological Formation and Sources
Turquoise is a semi-translucent to opaque gem, its color derived from the presence of copper, aluminum, zinc, and iron. Iron imparts a greenish hue, while zinc contributes to a yellowish tone. Notable sources of turquoise include Iran, China, Mexico, the Middle East, Kazakhstan, and the United States of America.
Tanzanite is sourced exclusively from the Merelani Hills of Tanzania, making it a geographically limited gemstone.
The sources for Blue Zircon and Blue Topaz are not detailed within the provided materials.
Gemological Properties
Turquoise’s color ranges from blue to green, often exhibiting veins of matrix – remnants of the host rock in which it formed. Its Mohs hardness is rated between 5 and 6, making it relatively soft and susceptible to scratching. The color of turquoise can change over time due to absorption of body oils and moisture. Treatments commonly applied to turquoise include waxing, dyeing, and stabilization.
Tanzanite is characterized by its deep blue-violet color, often compared to sapphire. A remarkable property of Tanzanite is pleochroism, meaning it displays different colors when viewed from different angles, exhibiting shades of blue, violet, and red.
Blue Zircon’s properties are not detailed in the provided sources beyond its availability as a December birthstone and its existence in a variety of colors.
Blue Topaz’s properties are not detailed in the provided sources beyond its availability as a December birthstone.
The following table summarizes the limited gemological data available:
| Gemstone | Color Range | Mohs Hardness | Notable Properties |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue to Green | 5 - 6 | Matrix Veins, Color Change |
| Tanzanite | Blue-Violet | N/A | Pleochroism |
| Blue Zircon | Various (including Blue) | N/A | N/A |
| Blue Topaz | Blue | N/A | N/A |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, turquoise has been attributed with numerous beneficial powers. Ancient cultures believed it guaranteed health and good fortune. From the 13th century onward, it was thought to protect wearers from falls (particularly from horses) and would fracture at the approach of disaster. Hindu mystics believed that viewing turquoise after beholding the new moon would ensure great wealth.
Tanzanite is associated with wisdom, peace, and inner strength. Its vibrant color is believed to inspire confidence and enhance focus.
The metaphysical properties of Blue Zircon and Blue Topaz are not detailed in the provided sources.
Affordability and Appeal
One advantage of December’s birthstones is their relative affordability. Despite their beauty and brilliance, these gems are often more budget-friendly than other precious stones, making them accessible for both meaningful gifts and personal indulgence.
Choosing a December Birthstone
The choice among December’s four birthstones ultimately comes down to personal preference. Those drawn to rich, deep tones may favor Tanzanite, while those seeking an earthy charm might gravitate towards Turquoise. Blue Zircon and Blue Topaz offer alternative shades of blue for those with specific color preferences.
Care and Cleaning
The provided sources do not offer specific care and cleaning instructions for these gemstones. However, given Turquoise’s relatively low Mohs hardness, it is advisable to protect it from scratches and harsh chemicals.
Conclusion
December’s selection of birthstones – Tanzanite, Turquoise, Blue Zircon, and Blue Topaz – offers a diverse palette of blues, each with its own unique history, geological origins, and symbolic meaning. From the ancient reverence for Turquoise to the recent discovery of Tanzanite, these gemstones represent a rich tapestry of cultural and geological significance, providing December-born individuals with a meaningful range of options to celebrate their birth month.