December is a unique month in the world of birthstones, boasting not one, but a selection of four gemstones: Tanzanite, Turquoise, Blue Zircon, and Blue Topaz. These gems, each displaying a captivating shade of blue, beautifully reflect the cool tones of the winter season and offer a diverse range of options for those born in the twelfth month. The tradition of multiple birthstones for December dates back to ancient times, offering individuals a choice based on personal preference, price point, and desired symbolism.
History and Lore
The practice of associating gemstones with specific months has roots in ancient medieval times. While the exact origins are debated, the tradition evolved from astrological beliefs and the perceived healing properties of colored gems. For centuries, Turquoise and Zircon were considered the primary birthstones for December, representing the chill of winter with their distinct blue hues. Turquoise, in particular, has a long and storied history, appearing in archaeological finds from ancient Egypt and Mesoamerica. These gems were not merely decorative; they were believed to offer protection and good fortune.
Tanzanite and Blue Topaz are more recent additions to the December birthstone family. Tanzanite, discovered in Tanzania in 1967, is a relative newcomer to the gemstone world, lacking the extensive lore associated with older stones. However, its captivating color quickly gained popularity, establishing it as a significant December birthstone. Blue Topaz, while Topaz in general has a long history, its blue variety has become increasingly favored as a December gem.
Geological Formation and Sources
The geological origins of these December birthstones are as diverse as the stones themselves. Turquoise is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, forming in arid regions through a process of weathering of copper-rich rocks. Historically, significant sources of Turquoise include Persia (modern-day Iran), and the southwestern United States.
Blue Zircon is sourced from a variety of locations, including Cambodia, Sri Lanka, and Vietnam. Zircon is a zirconium silicate mineral, known for its exceptional brilliance and fire.
Blue Topaz, as the name suggests, is a variety of Topaz, an aluminum silicate fluoride hydroxide. While Topaz is found globally, significant sources of Blue Topaz include Brazil, Nigeria, and Australia. The blue color in Topaz is often achieved through irradiation, enhancing the naturally occurring pale blue tones.
Tanzanite, uniquely, is found in only one location worldwide: Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. This limited source contributes to its rarity and value. It is a trichroic gemstone, meaning it displays three different colors – blue, violet, and burgundy – depending on the viewing angle.
Gemological Properties
Each of the December birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties that contribute to its unique appeal.
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O | 5-6 | Blue-green, sky blue |
| Blue Zircon | ZrSiO4 | 6.5-7.5 | Blue, colorless, golden-brown |
| Blue Topaz | Al2SiO4(OH,F)2 | 8 | Blue |
| Tanzanite | Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) | 6.5-7 | Blue, violet, burgundy |
Turquoise, with a hardness of 5-6 on the Mohs scale, is relatively soft and requires careful handling. Its color ranges from blue-green to sky blue, often with matrix patterns (veins of the surrounding rock). Blue Zircon exhibits strong dispersion, giving it a brilliant “fire” similar to a diamond. Blue Topaz, with a hardness of 8, is a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear. Tanzanite’s trichroism is a defining characteristic, and its color intensity can vary depending on the cut and viewing angle.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, these December birthstones have been attributed with various symbolic meanings and metaphysical properties. Turquoise has long been considered a protective stone, symbolizing good fortune and prosperity. It was believed to instill inner calm and foster creativity.
Blue Zircon is associated with wisdom, honor, and prosperity. Some believe it promotes restful sleep and protects against negative energies. Blue Topaz is said to represent faithfulness and eternal love, promoting great health and a calm mind. It is also thought to guard against evil forces and enhance communication skills.
Tanzanite, while a more recent discovery, is believed to activate the throat, third-eye, and crown chakras, facilitating psychic abilities and communication with higher dimensions. It is also associated with healing, protection, and self-transformation. Lapis Lazuli, another traditional December birthstone, is linked to wisdom and royalty, believed to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of these December birthstones. Turquoise, being relatively soft, is susceptible to scratches and should be protected from harsh impacts. It is best cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soapy water. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals.
Blue Zircon and Blue Topaz are more durable but should still be handled with care. They can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid abrasive cleaners and sudden temperature changes.
Tanzanite is also relatively durable but can be damaged by heat or ultrasonic cleaners. It is best cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft cloth. Professional cleaning is recommended for valuable Tanzanite jewelry.
December Birthstone Variations
The variety of birthstones associated with December provides a wide range of choices for individuals seeking a gemstone that resonates with their personality and preferences. The traditional birthstones, Turquoise and Zircon, offer a connection to ancient history and cultural traditions. The more modern additions, Tanzanite and Blue Topaz, provide unique color options and contemporary appeal. The choice ultimately depends on individual taste and the desired symbolism.