December is a unique month in the world of birthstones, distinguished by a vibrant selection of four gemstones: turquoise, zircon, blue topaz, and tanzanite. Unlike many months associated with a single gem, December offers a palette of blues and violets, each stone carrying its own history, symbolism, and appeal. These gems reflect the cool, crisp tones of the winter season and provide a diverse range of options for those born in December.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient times, with roots in medieval practices. These colored gems were believed to be blessed and imbued with unique properties, often worn in rings, pendants, and other jewelry. While zircon and turquoise have historically been considered the primary birthstones for December, the inclusion of blue topaz and, more recently, tanzanite expands the choices available.
Turquoise, with its captivating blue-green hues, has been revered for centuries across various cultures. It is often seen as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune. Lapis lazuli, also a traditional December birthstone, has long been associated with wisdom and royalty, considered a stone of truth and enlightenment. These stones were not merely decorative; they were believed to enhance intellectual abilities and stimulate a quest for knowledge.
Tanzanite is a more recent addition to the December birthstone family, discovered in Tanzania in 1967. Its unique violet-blue shimmer often evokes comparisons to sapphire, lending it an elegant and luxurious vibe. Zircon, one of the oldest minerals on Earth, is celebrated for its brilliant fire and rainbow of colors, holding significant historical and geological value.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these December birthstones are as diverse as their appearances. Turquoise forms in relatively shallow deposits, often near copper mines, and is found in arid regions. Tanzanite, uniquely, is found in only one area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, contributing to its rarity and value. Zircon is a widespread mineral found in various igneous and metamorphic rocks, while blue topaz is often created through irradiation of colorless topaz.
The sources for these gems are geographically varied. Turquoise has been mined for thousands of years in Persia (modern-day Iran) and is also found in the United States, particularly in Arizona and New Mexico. Tanzanite’s exclusive origin in Tanzania makes it a geographically concentrated gemstone. Zircon is found globally, while topaz sources include Brazil, Nigeria, and Russia.
Gemological Properties
Each of the December birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties that contribute to its unique characteristics.
Turquoise: This opaque gemstone is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum, with a hardness of 5-6 on the Mohs scale. Its color ranges from sky blue to greenish-blue, often with matrix (veins of the surrounding rock) visible within the stone.
Zircon: Zircon is a zirconium silicate (ZrSiO4) with a hardness of 6.5-7.5 on the Mohs scale. While it comes in various colors, blue zircon is particularly popular as a December birthstone. It is known for its strong dispersion, which gives it a brilliant fire.
Blue Topaz: Topaz is an aluminum silicate fluoride hydroxide (Al2SiO4(OH,F)2) with a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale. Blue topaz is often created by irradiating colorless topaz, enhancing its blue hue. It exhibits excellent clarity and brilliance.
Tanzanite: Tanzanite is a blue to violet variety of the mineral zoisite, with a hardness of 6.5-7 on the Mohs scale. Its pleochroism – displaying different colors when viewed from different angles – is a notable characteristic.
The following table summarizes key properties:
| Gemstone | Chemical Formula | Hardness (Mohs) | Color(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O | 5-6 | Sky blue to greenish-blue |
| Zircon | ZrSiO4 | 6.5-7.5 | Blue, golden, red, clear |
| Blue Topaz | Al2SiO4(OH,F)2 | 8 | Blue |
| Tanzanite | Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) | 6.5-7 | Blue to violet |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these December birthstones has been attributed with specific meanings and powers. Turquoise is believed to instill a sense of inner calm and foster creativity, often associated with protection and good fortune. Lapis lazuli resonates with those who seek inner wisdom and a connection to higher consciousness, evoking serenity and expansiveness.
Zircon is celebrated for its brilliance and clarity, representing wisdom, prosperity, and honor. Blue topaz is known for its calming and serene colors, promoting communication and emotional stability. Tanzanite, with its unique color and rarity, is associated with transformation, intuition, and spiritual growth.
These stones are more than just beautiful adornments; they are believed to connect wearers to historical and cultural narratives, enhancing both their aesthetic appeal and personal meaning.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and vibrancy of December birthstones. Turquoise, being a relatively soft stone, is susceptible to scratches and should be protected from harsh chemicals and impacts. Cleaning turquoise involves using a soft cloth and mild soapy water.
Zircon and blue topaz, with their higher hardness, are more durable but can still be damaged by sharp blows. They can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. Tanzanite, while relatively durable, is sensitive to heat and should not be exposed to sudden temperature changes. It can be cleaned similarly to zircon and topaz.
By following these simple care instructions, the beauty of December birthstones can be preserved for years to come.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones—turquoise, zircon, blue topaz, and tanzanite—offer a rich mix of history and symbolism, making each unique for those born in this month. These stones are more than just beautiful; they reflect the wearer's personality and bring a variety of cultural significances. When choosing between these gemstones, December’s stones stand out with their vibrant colors and deep cultural roots, providing a distinct way to express individuality. Purchasing these gemstones requires careful research and consultation with experts to ensure quality and authenticity. Their unique traits demand thoughtful handling and care to maintain their beauty over time.