December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones, reflecting the multifaceted nature of those born under the sign of Capricorn. Traditionally, Turquoise held the sole designation, but the modern list recognizes Tanzanite and Blue Zircon as primary stones, with Garnet representing those born in January, bridging the cusp of the new year. These gemstones, each with its unique history, geological origins, and symbolic meaning, offer a rich tapestry of choice for December and January Capricorns. The consistent coloring across December stones is a shade of blue, while January’s birthstone presents a fiery red.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating specific gemstones with months of the year has ancient roots, tracing back to Biblical texts, though the formalized system as we know it today began to take shape around the 1500s. The modern standardization occurred in 1912 by the National Association of Jewelers, with subsequent modifications in 1952 and as recently as 2002 and 2016. December’s birthstones have undergone some of the most significant changes throughout this evolution.
Turquoise, the original December birthstone, has a long and storied past. Native American cultures held it in high regard, believing it possessed mystical abilities. Apache shamans were even considered illegitimate without owning turquoise. Beyond the Americas, the stone has adorned royalty and commoners alike for centuries.
Tanzanite, a more recent addition to the December birthstone family, was first discovered in 1967 in Tanzania, hence its name. Initially known as ‘Blue Zoisite,’ it was later renamed to honor its country of origin. Its relatively recent discovery distinguishes it from the more historically established gemstones.
Garnet, traditionally associated with January, has a history stretching back to ancient times. The name “garnet” derives from the Latin word “granatus,” meaning pomegranate, likely referencing the stone’s common red color and seed-like inclusions.
Geological Formation and Sources
The origins of these birthstones are geographically diverse. Turquoise is an opaque, blue-green stone often found with black inclusions. Blue Topaz, an alternative December gemstone, is found in Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar. Tanzanite is exceptionally rare, sourced exclusively from Tanzania, making it a highly prized gem. Blue Zircon is found in a variety of locations, with Australia being notable for its ancient zircon crystals, some dated at 4.4 billion years old. Garnet, while commonly red, occurs in a wide range of colors and is found globally.
Gemological Properties
The gemological properties of these stones vary considerably, contributing to their unique appeal.
Turquoise: An opaque, blue-green stone. Tanzanite: Exhibits pleochroism, displaying different colors – blue, violet, and red – when viewed from different angles. Blue Zircon: Known for its sparkle and luster. Garnet: While most commonly red, garnets can also be found in brown, black, and orange hues. It is actually a complex family of gemstones, encompassing a wide range of compositions.
A comparative overview of hardness, based on the Mohs scale, is presented below:
| Gemstone | Mohs Hardness |
|---|---|
| Turquoise | 5-6 |
| Tanzanite | 6-7 |
| Blue Zircon | 6.5-7.5 |
| Garnet | 6.5-7.5 |
These varying hardness levels influence the gemstones’ durability and suitability for different types of jewelry.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Each of these birthstones carries a wealth of symbolism and metaphysical associations. Blue Topaz is considered a sign of hope, happiness, and loyalty in some cultures, while others associate it with joy and prosperity. Turquoise symbolizes the sea and sky, offering a sense of freedom and exploration. Tanzanite embodies wisdom, peace, and inner strength, aligning with the practical yet ambitious nature of Capricorns. It is believed to help align one’s heart’s desires with practical considerations. Blue Zircon, tied to Saturn in Vedic astrology, is associated with romance and a positive outlook. Garnet, representing passion, strength, and resilience, is said to inspire confidence and enhance focus. Lapis Lazuli, historically considered a December birthstone, is nicknamed the “Stone of Heaven” and is believed to contain the wisdom of the universe. Black Tourmaline, also linked to Capricorn, offers grounding, protection, and strength.
Care and Cleaning
The care required for each gemstone depends on its hardness and composition. Turquoise, being relatively soft, requires gentle handling and should be protected from scratches. Tanzanite, while beautiful, is susceptible to damage from heat and harsh chemicals. Blue Zircon and Garnet, being harder, are more durable but still benefit from careful cleaning with mild soap and warm water. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals for all these gemstones.
Conclusion
The birthstones associated with Capricorn – Turquoise, Tanzanite, Blue Zircon, and Garnet – represent a diverse and captivating collection of gemstones. From the ancient lore surrounding Turquoise to the modern discovery of Tanzanite, each stone carries a unique history and symbolism. Their varying geological origins and gemological properties contribute to their individual appeal, offering a range of choices for those seeking a meaningful connection to their birthstone. These gems not only serve as beautiful adornments but also as tangible links to the rich tapestry of history, culture, and metaphysical belief.