December boasts a unique distinction among the months: it possesses not one, but three recognized birthstones – turquoise, blue zircon, and tanzanite. Each gem offers a distinct allure, history, and symbolism, providing a diverse range of options for those born in the final month of the year, or for those seeking a meaningful gemstone gift. This article will delve into the origins, properties, and significance of these three December birthstones, drawing upon available information to provide a comprehensive overview.
A History of December’s Gems
The most traditionally recognized December birthstone is turquoise. Its history stretches back millennia, with evidence of its use dating back to ancient Egypt. Turquoise adorned the jewelry of pharaohs, including King Tut, whose tomb contained examples of this captivating blue-green stone. Chinese artists also embraced turquoise over 3,000 years ago, skillfully carving it into intricate masterpieces. This long-standing appreciation highlights turquoise’s enduring appeal across cultures and throughout history.
Blue zircon, while a December birthstone, is less commonly known than turquoise. Its inclusion on the birthstone list is more recent, though the gem itself has been valued for its beauty for centuries. It’s important to note that natural zircon is often confused with synthetic cubic zirconia, a common diamond simulant, due to the similarity in their names.
Tanzanite is the newest addition to the December birthstone family, officially recognized in 1952. Its discovery is relatively recent, and its name originates from its sole known location: Tanzania, near Mount Kilimanjaro. The gem’s captivating blue-purple hues quickly established it as a desirable and valuable gemstone.
Geological Origins and Sources
The geological formation and sourcing of these three birthstones differ significantly. Turquoise, as its name suggests, is often found in arid regions. Notable sources include Iran, China, New Mexico, and Arizona. The stone typically forms in volcanic rock and is characterized by its often opaque nature and the presence of a matrix – remnants of the host rock that create unique veining patterns within the gem. Each piece of turquoise jewelry is therefore unique due to these matrix variations.
Blue zircon’s origins are more widespread. It is frequently mined in Australia, but also found in Thailand, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Cambodia, Canada, and the United States. The blue color seen in zircon is typically achieved through heat treatment, enhancing the natural color of the gem. Zircon naturally occurs in a range of colors, including red, orange, yellow, green, and brown.
Tanzanite, uniquely, is found in only one place on Earth: a small area near Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. This limited geographical source contributes to its rarity and value. Tanzanite is a variety of the mineral zoisite and exhibits a pleochroic effect, meaning it displays different colors depending on the viewing angle.
Gemological Properties
Each of these December birthstones possesses distinct gemological properties. Turquoise ranges in color from blue to green and is typically semi-translucent to opaque. Its composition is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminum.
Zircon, in its blue form, is created through heat treatment. Naturally, zircon exhibits a wider color range. The gem’s hardness and refractive index contribute to its brilliance.
Tanzanite, a variety of zoisite, is known for its deep blue tones. It can also exhibit violet hues. Most tanzanite undergoes heat treatment to enhance its blue shades, making them more similar to those of sapphire. However, tanzanite is relatively soft and prone to scratching, making it more suitable for earrings and pendants than rings or bracelets that experience more wear.
The following table summarizes key properties:
| Gemstone | Color | Transparency | Hardness (Mohs) | Origin |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turquoise | Blue to Green | Semi-translucent to Opaque | 5-6 | Iran, China, New Mexico, Arizona |
| Blue Zircon | Blue | Transparent | 6.5-7.5 | Australia, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Tanzania |
| Tanzanite | Blue to Violet | Transparent | 6-7 | Tanzania |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, each of these birthstones has been associated with specific meanings and beliefs. Turquoise is often linked to loyalty, great love, health, good fortune, and peace.
Blue zircon is traditionally associated with chastity, virtuousness, and trustworthiness.
Tanzanite, the newest of the three, is believed to represent the heart, intellect, intuition, and purity.
These symbolic associations add another layer of significance to these gemstones, making them particularly meaningful gifts for those born in December.
Jewelry and Care
All three birthstones are popular choices for jewelry. Turquoise is frequently used in bracelets, necklaces, and earrings, often incorporating silver settings to complement its color. Blue zircon is a versatile gem suitable for pendants, rings, and earrings. Tanzanite, due to its relative softness, is often best showcased in pendants and earrings to minimize the risk of scratching.
Care for these gemstones varies. Turquoise can be sensitive to chemicals and should be cleaned with a soft cloth and mild soap. Zircon is relatively durable and can be cleaned with warm soapy water and a soft brush. Tanzanite requires gentle cleaning with mild soap and warm water, avoiding harsh chemicals and ultrasonic cleaners.
December Birthstone Jewelry for All
The availability of three birthstones for December allows for a wide range of jewelry options for both men and women. For men, turquoise beaded bracelets or pocket knives incorporating the stone are popular choices. For women, options range from delicate Tanzanite pendants to bold turquoise earrings or zircon necklaces. The possibilities are truly endless, allowing for a personalized and thoughtful gift.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – turquoise, blue zircon, and tanzanite – each offer a unique blend of history, beauty, and symbolism. From the ancient origins of turquoise to the recent discovery of tanzanite, these gems represent a diverse and captivating selection for those born in the final month of the year. Whether chosen for their aesthetic appeal, their historical significance, or their metaphysical properties, these December birthstones are sure to be cherished for years to come.