Zircon is a captivating gemstone traditionally associated with December, celebrated for its brilliance, diverse colors, and rich history. Often mistaken for cubic zirconia, a lab-created diamond simulant, natural zircon possesses a unique allure and a legacy spanning centuries. This article delves into the geological origins, historical significance, gemological properties, and modern uses of blue zircon, the most popular variety for December birthstone jewelry.
History and Lore
The name “zircon” originates from the Persian word “zargun,” meaning “gold-colored,” reflecting the gem’s occurrence in golden-brown hues. However, zircon appears in a breathtaking array of colors, including blue, white, yellow, green, and even pink. Revered since ancient times, zircon was treasured in the Middle Ages as a protective talisman believed to bring wisdom and honor to its wearer. It was thought to ward off negative energies and evil spirits, and to promote restful sleep and dream clarity.
Historically, zircon has been associated with prosperity and confidence. Traditional beliefs suggest that wearing zircon enhances intuition and perception, creating a protective aura around the wearer. These qualities made it a favored gemstone among royalty and those seeking spiritual guidance.
Geological Formation and Sources
Zircon is a naturally occurring gemstone formed in a variety of geological environments, including igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It crystallizes as a nesosilicate, a mineral class characterized by silicate tetrahedra linked in isolated groups. The gem is found in Cambodia, Sri Lanka, and Australia, among other locations.
Many zircons naturally form with a brown color. The vibrant blue hues commonly seen in December birthstone jewelry are often achieved through heat treatment, a process that permanently alters the gem’s color. These heat-treated stones exhibit stable and vivid blue to sky blue colors, with the finest specimens displaying hues with strong green components and medium tones. Trade names like “starlites” or “stremlites” are sometimes used to describe these treated blue zircons.
Gemological Properties
Blue zircon is prized for its exceptional brilliance and fire, often resembling diamonds. Its visual appeal stems from a high refractive index and strong dispersion, which separates light into its spectral colors. However, while visually stunning, zircon possesses a Mohs hardness of up to 7.5. This makes it fairly durable, but also brittle, meaning it can chip easily.
Here’s a summary of key gemological properties:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | ZrSiO₄ |
| Mohs Hardness | 7.5 |
| Refractive Index | Varies depending on color and variety |
| Dispersion | High, contributing to brilliance |
| Crystal System | Tetragonal |
| Color | Blue (most popular for December), white, yellow, green, brown, pink |
Due to its brittleness, blue zircon is best used in protective settings, particularly for rings or frequently worn pieces. Careful consideration should be given to the setting style to minimize the risk of chipping or damage.
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Blue zircon is deeply connected to symbolism, representing wisdom, confidence, and prosperity. It is believed to aid in achieving restful sleep and enhancing dream clarity. Astrologically, zircon is considered particularly beneficial for those born under the signs of Cancer, Gemini, Virgo, Capricorn, or Aquarius. In Indian astrological traditions, Libra and Taurus signs are also considered compatible with this gemstone.
For creative professionals, blue zircon is thought to stimulate inspiration and improve organizational abilities. Its association with clarity and focus makes it a valuable tool for those seeking mental acuity and a balanced perspective.
Care and Cleaning
Maintaining the beauty of blue zircon requires gentle care. Due to its relative brittleness, avoid exposing the gemstone to harsh impacts or sudden temperature changes. Cleaning can be performed with warm, soapy water and a soft brush. Avoid ultrasonic cleaners and harsh chemicals, as these can damage the stone.
Regularly polishing the gemstone with a soft cloth will help restore its brilliance and remove any accumulated dirt or oils. Proper storage is also essential; keep zircon jewelry separate from other gemstones to prevent scratching.
Modern and Traditional Birthstone Designations
December boasts a rich selection of birthstones, with both modern and traditional options available. While blue zircon holds a prominent place as a traditional December birthstone, modern lists also include blue topaz, tanzanite, and turquoise. The United States allows individuals to choose from both lists, selecting the stone that resonates most with them.
The popularity of blue zircon has seen a resurgence in recent years, driven by its stunning brilliance and unique color. It offers a vivid and bright alternative to other December stones like blue topaz or tanzanite.
Tanzanite: A Contemporary December Gem
Alongside blue zircon, tanzanite has emerged as a significant December birthstone. Discovered in Tanzania in 1967 near Mount Kilimanjaro, tanzanite is a richly colored pleochroic gemstone displaying blue and violet hues, often with purple highlights that shift depending on the viewing angle. Initially mistaken for sapphire, tanzanite was soon identified as a previously unknown variety of the mineral zoisite.
Tiffany & Co. played a pivotal role in popularizing tanzanite, recognizing its market potential and naming it after its country of origin. In 2002, tanzanite officially joined the December birthstone lineup, alongside turquoise and zircon. It also commemorates 24th wedding anniversaries.
Conclusion
Blue zircon remains a timeless and special gemstone, deeply rooted in history and symbolism. Its captivating brilliance, diverse colors, and association with wisdom and honor make it a cherished birthstone for those born in December. Whether chosen for its aesthetic appeal or its metaphysical properties, zircon is a gemstone that continues to enchant and inspire. The availability of both traditional and modern December birthstones allows for a personalized selection, ensuring that each individual can find a gem that truly reflects their unique spirit.