For centuries, spinel has been a gemstone of captivating beauty, often mistaken for its more famous counterparts, ruby and sapphire. Today, this August birthstone enjoys a well-deserved recognition for its own unique qualities, boasting a vibrant range of colors and a rich history intertwined with royalty and lore. This article will delve into the fascinating world of spinel, exploring its history, geological origins, gemological properties, symbolism, and care.
History and Lore
The story of spinel is one of mistaken identity and eventual acclaim. The name “spinel” originates from the Latin word spina, meaning thorn, referencing the shape of its crystals. For a considerable period, spinel was frequently misidentified as ruby, particularly those with a red hue. This misidentification is particularly notable in historical accounts of famous gemstones. The approximately 170-carat “Black Prince’s Ruby,” a centerpiece of the British Imperial State Crown, is, in fact, a red spinel. This gem passed through the hands of Moorish and Spanish kings before being acquired by Edward, the Black Prince, in 1367. It wasn’t until the 18th century that spinel was definitively distinguished from ruby based on chemical differences.
Another significant example is the “Timur Ruby,” a 352-carat red spinel linked to the 14th-century conqueror Tamerlane. These historical instances demonstrate that spinel was highly valued for its color and clarity, even when its true identity was unknown. Unlike diamonds and rubies, which were prized for their durability, spinel was appreciated for its radiant colors. In 2016, the American Gem Trade Association (AGTA) officially named spinel as a new birthstone for August, alongside peridot and sardonyx, acknowledging its growing popularity among gem enthusiasts and collectors. It is also traditionally given as a 22nd wedding anniversary gift.
Geological Formation and Sources
Spinel forms in metamorphic rocks and alluvial deposits. Major sources of spinel are found across the globe, including Tajikistan, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Tanzania, and Pakistan. Myanmar is particularly known for producing spinel with arresting colors, such as hot pink and red. A significant discovery in Tanzania in 2007 yielded pinkish and orangy-red spinel, further captivating gem collectors. Tanzanian mines also produce spinel in purple and blue hues. Other sources include Afghanistan, Brazil, Cambodia, Kenya, Russia, Thailand, and Vietnam. The diverse geographical distribution contributes to the wide range of colors found in spinel gemstones.
Gemological Properties
Spinel boasts a hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, making it a durable gemstone suitable for everyday wear, including in rings. Its refractive qualities contribute to a brilliance and sparkle often compared to ruby. Spinel exhibits a wide spectrum of colors, including intense red, vibrant pink, orange, purple, violet, blue, and bluish-green. The most valued colors are bright red, cobalt blue, and vivid pink and orange, though paler lavender spinels are also available at more affordable price points.
Spinel is cut and faceted into various shapes and sizes, with cushion and oval cuts being particularly common. The gemstone is stable when exposed to light and chemicals, but prolonged exposure to high heat can cause some colors to fade. Spinel can be cleaned using ultrasonic and steam cleaners, though caution should be exercised if the stone contains fractures. Warm soapy water is always a safe alternative for cleaning.
Here's a table summarizing key gemological properties:
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Hardness (Mohs) | 8.0 |
| Chemical Formula | Not specified in sources |
| Color | Red, pink, orange, purple, violet, blue, bluish-green |
| Luster | Not specified in sources |
| Crystal System | Not specified in sources |
| Refractive Index | Not specified in sources |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Spinel is associated with the zodiac signs Leo and Scorpio. For Leos, spinel is believed to provide strength and vitality, complementing their natural leadership qualities. For Scorpios, it is considered a stone of renewal, aiding in recovery from emotional or physical challenges. The stone’s connection to the planet Mars links it to energy, passion, and endurance, making it a recommended gemstone for individuals undergoing life transitions or seeking protection from emotional fatigue.
In metaphysical practices, spinel is believed to enhance clarity and focus. While empirical data supporting these claims is lacking, practitioners of crystal healing attest to its calming and protective effects. It is thought to ground emotional energies, making it a popular choice for those seeking balance during stressful times. Sardonyx, another August birthstone, is associated with courage, protection, and strength.
Care and Cleaning
Due to its hardness of 8 on the Mohs scale, spinel is a durable gemstone suitable for various types of jewelry. However, the presence of fractures within the stone can pose a problem when using harsh cleaning methods. Ultrasonic and steam cleaners can be used with caution, but warm soapy water is always a safe and effective alternative. Spinel is stable when exposed to light and most chemicals, but prolonged exposure to high heat may cause some colors to fade. Regular cleaning will help maintain the brilliance and beauty of spinel jewelry.
Conclusion
Spinel, once overshadowed by its more famous look-alikes, has emerged as a celebrated gemstone in its own right. Its captivating colors, durable nature, and rich history, intertwined with royalty and lore, make it a truly remarkable August birthstone. From adorning the British Imperial State Crown to being recognized as a symbol of strength, renewal, and clarity, spinel continues to captivate and inspire. Its recent designation as an official August birthstone ensures that this beautiful gem will continue to be appreciated for generations to come.