December boasts a remarkable array of birthstones, offering a spectrum of blue hues and rich histories. Traditionally, lapis lazuli and turquoise held prominence, while modern designations include blue zircon and blue topaz. More recently, tanzanite has also been recognized as a December birthstone. This article delves into the origins, properties, symbolism, and care of these captivating gemstones, providing a comprehensive overview for enthusiasts and those seeking to understand the significance of December’s birthstones.
History and Lore
The tradition of associating gemstones with specific months dates back to ancient times, with roots in medieval practices and biblical connections. These colored gems were believed to bestow blessings upon those who wore them, appearing in rings, pendants, and other jewelry. The historical significance of December’s birthstones is particularly noteworthy. Turquoise, for example, has been cherished for millennia, adorning pharaohs in ancient Egypt and being skillfully carved by Chinese artisans over 3,000 years ago. It was thought to guarantee health and good fortune, and even protect against physical harm.
Lapis lazuli, similarly, enjoyed a long and esteemed history, associated with wisdom and royalty due to its deep azure tones. Ancient civilizations considered it a stone of truth and enlightenment, believed to enhance intellectual abilities. The name “topaz” itself is derived from the Sanskrit word “tapas,” meaning fire, reflecting the gem’s inherent brilliance. Ancient Egyptians and Romans prized topaz for its protective and healing properties. While blue topaz gained prominence during the Victorian era, the origins of topaz appreciation stretch back centuries.
Geological Formation and Sources
The sources of these December birthstones are geographically diverse. Turquoise is found in various locations, though specific mining areas are not detailed in the provided sources. Topaz is primarily sourced from Brazil, Nigeria, and Sri Lanka, with additional deposits in Russia, Australia, and the United States. Most commercially available blue topaz undergoes heat treatment to enhance its color, transforming naturally colorless or lightly tinted stones into vibrant shades of blue.
Tanzanite’s origins are not specified in the provided sources, but the sources do mention that it is one of the modern birthstones for December. Zircon is also a modern birthstone, and its sources are not detailed in the provided materials. Lapis lazuli’s origins are not detailed in the provided materials.
Gemological Properties
December’s birthstones exhibit a range of gemological properties. Blue topaz, a silicate mineral, is composed of aluminum and fluorine and possesses a glass-like luster and distinct cleavage. It is relatively hard, though somewhat delicate due to its cleavage. Blue topaz displays a spectrum of colors, from deep inky blues (London Blue) to lighter, vibrant shades (Swiss Blue and Sky Blue). Its chemical formula is Al2SiO4(F,OH)4.
Turquoise is a semi-translucent to opaque gem, ranging in color from blue to green, often exhibiting veins of matrix – remnants of the rock in which it formed.
Zircon, a vibrant blue gem, is not detailed in terms of its chemical composition or hardness in the provided sources. Tanzanite, known for its stunning blue and purple hues, is also not detailed in terms of its chemical composition or hardness in the provided sources. Lapis lazuli, with its deep blue color, is also not detailed in terms of its chemical composition or hardness in the provided sources.
The following table summarizes the varieties of Blue Topaz:
| Variety | Color Description |
|---|---|
| London Blue | Deep, inky blue |
| Swiss Blue | Vibrant, medium light blue |
| Sky Blue | Light aqua blue |
Symbolism and Metaphysical Beliefs
Throughout history, December’s birthstones have been imbued with symbolic meaning and metaphysical beliefs. Turquoise was revered as a talisman for protection and a symbol of good fortune, believed to instill inner calm and foster creativity. Lapis lazuli was associated with wisdom and a connection to higher consciousness, evoking serenity and expansiveness.
Blue topaz is often associated with communication and self-expression. While the sources do not detail specific metaphysical beliefs surrounding blue zircon or tanzanite, the general association of blue gemstones with tranquility and peace is likely applicable. Turquoise was believed to protect the wearer from falling, and would break into pieces at the approach of disaster. Hindu mystics believed that seeing turquoise after beholding the new moon ensured fantastic wealth.
Care and Cleaning
Proper care is essential to maintain the beauty and longevity of December’s birthstones. Blue zircon should be cleaned gently with mild soap and a soft brush, avoiding direct sunlight and harsh chemicals. Topaz, known for its hardness, can withstand some exposure but should still be handled carefully, cleaned with lukewarm water and a soft brush, and thoroughly dried. Tanzanite should not be cleaned with ultrasonic cleaners or harsh chemicals, but rather with a soft brush and gentle soap.
Lapis lazuli, being softer, requires protection from scratches and should be stored separately. Turquoise, often found in vintage jewelry, needs careful handling due to its softer composition, kept away from harsh chemicals and stored in a jewelry box. Regular cleaning and proper storage are crucial for preserving the unique characteristics of each gem.
Conclusion
December’s birthstones – blue topaz, blue zircon, tanzanite, turquoise, and lapis lazuli – represent a rich tapestry of history, symbolism, and geological wonder. From the ancient civilizations that prized these gems for their beauty and perceived powers to the modern jewelry designs that showcase their vibrant colors, these stones continue to captivate and inspire. Understanding their origins, properties, and care requirements allows for a deeper appreciation of their enduring allure and significance as symbols of December’s unique energy.